fifth colloq Flashcards
E.coli
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram - rods, catalase +
- Fermenter, facultative anaerobe
- lipopolysachharide
- capsule
- Endotoxin
- antigenic Phase shift
- antimicrobial resistance
- resistance to Serum killing
- Phase III secretion System
- Sequestration of growth factors
DISEASES
- Gastroenteritis
- bacteremia, neonatal Meningitis, UTI, intraabdominal infections
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Gastroenteritis is exogenous (Food, water, fecal-oral)
- most are endogenous
DIAGNOSTICS
- microscopy (pathogenic ones Ferment Lactose –> White)
- slide Agglutination
- pure culture
- antimicrobial susceptibility test
- malditof sepctometry
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
- vaccine for uropathogenic
- proper preparation of Food
PATHOGENESIS
ETEC:
- LT –> adenylate cyclase, ST –> gyanylate clyclase
- hypersecretion of fluid and electrolytes
EPEC:
- disruption of normal microvillus structure
- malabsorption
EAEC:
- aggregateve adhesion of rods, short. of microvilli
- Infiltration of macrophages and hemmorrhage
- malabsorbtion
EHEC:
- destruction of microvilli
- cytotoxic shiga Toxin, disrup. of protein synth.
- malabsorption
EIEC:
- disruption of Epithelium in colon
Salmonellosis, typhoid, paratyphoid
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram - rods, facultative anaerobe
- Fermenter (not Lactose)
- flagella
- capsule
- type II secretion System
- Plasmid
- lipopolysaccharide
DISEASES
- Enteritis/ salmonellosis (S. typhimurium)
- Typhoid Fever (S. typhi)
- Paratyphoid Fever (S. paratyhi A, B, C)
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- uncooked poultry
- fecal oral
- worldwide, warm months
DIAGNOSTICS
- widal serological Test
- biochemical characteristics
- slide Agglutination
- Phage typing
TREATMENT
- Enteritis: no antibiotics
- typhoid/paratyphoid: antibiotics and vaccine
PATHOGENESIS Enteritis: - invade into M cells and enterocytes of SI - replicate in endocytic vacuoles --> released - Inflammation --> prostaglandin --> CAMP --> fluid secretion Typhoid/ Paratyphoid Fever - invade into M cells and enterocytes - engulfed by macrophages - into blood, lymph - to liver, Spleen, bone marrow - replication and into blood again - colonize gallbladder - reentry into intestines
Shigellosis
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram - rods, facultative anarobobe
- Fermenter (no Lactose, except n. sonnei)
- non-motile, non-spore forming
- capsule
- lipopolysaccharide
- Plasmid
- type II secretion System
- exotoxin (s. dysenteriae)
DISEASES
- Gastroenteritis
- bacterial dysenteriae (S. dysenteriae)
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- contaminated Food
- only in humans
- worldwide, always
- fecal-oral
DIAGNOSTICS
- microscopy
- pure culture
- biochemical characteristics
- Agglutination test
- serology, PCR, spectometry
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
PATHOGENESIS
- M cells in Peyers Patches
- type III secretion System
- proteins into cells and macrophages
- replicate in cytoplasm
- reaarangement of actin Filaments
- survive phagocytosis by inducing apoptosis
A: s. dyseneteriae
B: s. flexnerii
C: s. boydii
D: s. sonnei
B. anthracis
- gram + rods, large, aerobic
- non-motile
- spore-forming
- non-hemolytic
- capsule
- 3 exotoxins, form: Lethal Toxin and edema Toxin
DISEASES
- cutaneous: painless papule
- GI: ulcers
- Inhalation: Sepsis, lymphadenopathy, Fever, edema
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- in animals, Skin, soil
- in developed countries where animals Arent vaccinated
- bioterrorism
DIAGNOSTICS
- microscopy
- culture
- smear
- PCR
- allergic cutanous test
- Biochemistry
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
- vaccine (more in animals)
PATHOGENESIS
3 Toxins
- protective Antigen (entrance of LF and EF into cell)
- Lethal factor (cleaves MAP Kinase)
- edema factor (adenylate cyclase –> CAMP)
Cornyebacterium diphteriae
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram + pleomorphic rods
- Aerobic
- non-motils
- Ferments carbs
- diphteria Toxin (A-B exotoxin)
DISEASES
- exudative Pharyngitis, sore throat, Fever
- psuedomembrane over Pharynx
- cardiac and neurologic –> when Toxin reaches systemic circulation
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- only in humans
- asymptomatic carriers and infected patients
- colonizes resp. tract and Skin
- via droplets
DIAGNOSTICS
- PCR
- culture
- biochemical Tests
- elek test for Toxin
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
- Antitoxins
- vaccine
V. cholerae
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram - curved rods
- facultative anaerobic
- polar flagella –> motile
- lipopolysaccharide
- cholera Toxin
- accessory cholera Toxin
- tcp, mucinase, Chemotaxis protein
- neuraminidase
- zonula occludens Toxin
DISEASES
- cholera (with met. Acidosis, hypokalemia, hypovolemic shock)
- Gastroenteritis
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- contaminated Food and water
- estuarine and marine Environment
- can multiply freely in water
- chitinous shellfish
LAB DIAGNOSIS
- microscopy
- culture
- dark-field microscopy
- immunofluorescnce microscopy
- biochemistry
- express Methods
- Agglutination test
- PCR
- maldi tof spectronomy
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
- inactivated vaccine
- Hygiene
PATHOGEGENSIS
- TCP, mucinase, motility –> attachment to intestinal mucosa
- cholera Toxin action
M. tuberculosis
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram + rods
- Aerobic
- Acid fast
- Lipid rich cell wall
- non-motile
- spore-forming
- intracellular growth in alveolar macrophages
DISEASES
- Primary pulmonary tuberculosis
- secondary tuberculosis
- pott disease (infects bones and spinal column)
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- immunocompromised People
- only humans
- via droplets
DIAGNOSTICS
- mantoux Skin test
- culture
- microscopy
- quantiferon TB Gold test
- molcular probes
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
- live vaccine
PATHOGENESIS
- sulfatides –> inhibit phagosome-lysosome Fusion
- cord factor –>inhibtis leukocyte Migration
- tuberculin –> delayed hypersensitivity type IV
M. leprae
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram + rods
- arobic
- ripid.rich cell wall
- Acid fast
- no culture possible
- waxy exterior Coating –> mycolic Acid
DISEASE
- leprosy
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- highly infectious
- via droplets
- infects human nerves, Skin, mucosa
DIAGNOSTICS
- lepromin Skin test
- microscopy
- Punch biopsy with Acid fast stain
- nucleic Acid amplification Assay
- biochemical
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
- vaccine
PATHOGENENSIS
obligate intracellular parasite
infected Schwann cell
- -> infected SM –> infected skeletal muscle
- -> bact. in macrophages –> granuloma like Formation –> release of macrophages
T. pallidum
- gram - spriochete
- periplasmic flagella
- outer membrane protein
- hyaluronidase
- fibronectin Coating
- -> tissue destruction
DISEASES
- Primary Syphilis: painless ulcer
- secondary Syphilis: disseminated rash
- tertiary Syphilis: gumma, aortitis, aneurysm, Damage to spinal cord, ocular effects
- congenital: still birth, VIII Damage, deaf
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Transmission via sex
- only in humans in genital tract
DIAGNOSTICS
- dark fiel microscopy
- immunofluorescence
- non-treponemal Tests (cardiolipid based –> Ab binds to cardiolipin)
- treponemal Tests (–> for specific treponemal antibody)
Borellia burgdorferi
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram - spirochete
- microaerophilic
- OpsA flagellar Antigen –> motile
DISEASES
- lyme disease
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Reservoir: mice, hard ticks, pets, White tailed deer
- Vector: hard ticks
- late spring, early summer
DIAGNOSTICS
- from Symptoms
- serology (ELISA)
- PCR
- staining (giemsa, wright)
- -> difficult to culture –> microaerophilic
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
- vaccine (flagellar Antigen)
- insecticides, protective clothing
PATHOGENESIS
invades Skin –> blood –> heart, Joints, CNS
Stage 1: localized - erythema migrans - flu like Symptoms Stage 2: early disseminated - carditis - arthitis - AV block - Bells palsy Stage 3: late disseminated - encephalophaty - chronic arthitis - arryhtmias
Leptospira interrogans
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram - spirochete
- Aerobic
- periplasmic plagella –> motile
- no Toxins or virulence factors known
DISEASES
- leptospirosis
- weils disease
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- wild/domestic animals
- contact iwht animal Urine in water
DIAGNOSTICS
- culture enriched with Vitamins
- serology (Agglutination test)
- ELISA
- PCR
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
- vaccination of animals
- rat Control
PATHOGENESIS leptospirosis: flu like, GI, cunjunctival Suffusion Weils disease - icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis - jaundice bc of liver/kidney failure - Fever, hemorrhage, anemia, vasculitis
penetrate mucous membranes or through breaks in Skin –> blood –> all tissues
R. ricketsii, R. prowazekii
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram - coccobacilli
- with giemza, gimenez stain
- replicate in cytoplasm of epith. cells
- inctracellular growth –> protection from immune clearance
DISEASES
- r. rickettsii: rocky mountain spotted Fever
- r. prowazekii: epidemic typhus, recrudescent typhus
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- arthopods as hosts
- exists as zoonoses
DIAGNOSTICS
- microscopy
- culture
- serology (MIF test for Ab)
- Nucleic Acid amplification Assay
TREATMENT
- insecticides, clothing, red. of lice
- inactivated vaccine only for r. prowazekii
PATHOGENESIS
r. rickettsii
- via hard ticks –> prolonged contact!
- via blood/ lmyph
r. prowazekii
- Person to Person via louse
- squirrel to human via fleas
- intracellular until they burst –> blood
C. perfringens
- gram + rods
- anaerobic
- non-motile
- spore forming
- Alpha Toxin: cell Lysis
- beta Toxin: loss of mucosa
- Epsilon Toxin: incr. vascular permeability
- iota Toxin: same
- enterotoxin: same
DISEASES
- soft tissue infections
- Gastroenteritis: necrotizing Enteritis, Food poisoning
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- contaminated Food, contaminated wounds
- type A strain: most infectious
- in soil, water, Gi of humans and animals
DIAGNOSTICS
- culture –> double Zone of hemolysis
- microscopy
- immunoassay (for enterotoxin in stool)
TREATMENT
- antibiotics
- Antitoxin vaccine
- wound care
- surgical
C. botulinum
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram + rods
- anaeribic
- fastidious
- spore forming
7 botulinium Toxins (A to G) (disease A, B, E, F)
–> heat labile
DISEASES
- foodbourne botulism
- Infant botulism
- wound botulism
- Inhalation botulism
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Spores in soil worldwide
DIAGNOSTICS
- where are the Toxins in the Body –> that is the Kind of botulism
TREATMENT
- Antitoxin
- vaccine
- antibiotics
PATHOGENESIS
- A chain with zinc endopeptidase
- B chain binds to neuronal membrane –> Toxin in
- inactivates the release of acetylcholine –> flaccid paralysis
C. tetani
BIOLOGY AND VIRULENCE
- gram + rods
- microaerophilic
- spore forming
- motile
- tetanospasmin –> blocks release of neurotransmitter
- tetanolysin –> hemolysis
DISEASES
- generalized Tetanus
- loclized tentanus
- neonatal Tetanus
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- in soils
- in GI of humans and animals
DIAGNOSTICS
- based on clinical presentation
- microscopy mostly unsuccessful
TREATMENT
- vaccine
- antibiotics
- Antitoxin Globulin
PATHOGENESIS
tetanospasmin
- released when cell is lysed
- activated by proteases
- heavy chain binds to neuronal membranes
- endosomal vesicles
- from PNS to CNS via retrograde Transport
- blocks release of glycine and GABA –> spastic paralysis
