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Microbio final > first colloq > Flashcards

first colloq Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiology is divided into:

A

Bacteriology
Parasitology (protozoa, metazoan)
Mycology
Virology

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2
Q

Classification:

A

dividing the organisms into taxa on tha Basis of certain characteristics

is part of systematics

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3
Q

Systematics:

A

grouping of the organisms on the Basis of certain characteristics

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4
Q

Five kingdoms

A 
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista (protozoa)
Monera (prokaryotes)
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5
Q

3 domains

A

Archaea (pro)
Bacteria (pro)
Eukarya

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6
Q

Taxonomy of bacteria

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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7
Q

Strain vs Clone

A

Strain: genetic variant or subtype of certein microorganism

Clone: genetic copy of a cell procuded asexually

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8
Q

Classification of viruses

A

DNA

  • double stranded (enveloped and unenveloped)
  • single stranded (unenveloped)

RNA

  • +RNA (unenveloped and unenveloped)
  • -RNA (enveloped)
  • +/- RNA (double capsid)
  • RNA via DNA (enveloped)
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9
Q

Classification of fungi

A
  • zygomycotica (produce zygotes)
  • dikaryomykotica (Extended dikaryotic Phase
  • -> Basidiomycotina: in sac called basidium –> basidiospores
  • -> Ascomycotina: in sac calles Ascus –> ascospores
  • Deuteromycotina (fungi imperfecti)
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10
Q

Classification of protozoa

A

mama Papa, paula erreicht aber sonst clowns

  • Metamonada (flagella)
  • Parabasala (flagella)
  • Percolozoa (flagella)
  • Euglenozoa (flagella)
  • Amoebozoa (move like amebea)
  • Sporozoa (non-motila)
  • Ciliopphora (have cilia)
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11
Q

Morphology of cocci

A 
2 --> diplococci
more in a row --> streptococci
4 --> tetrad
8 --> sarcinae
a lot in one place --> staphylococci
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12
Q

Classification of rods

A

according to :

  • length (Long, short, very short(coccobacilli))
  • Ends (rounded, sharp, rectangle, ovoid, club)
  • Diameter (thin, thick)
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13
Q

Morphology of spiral bacteria

A

vibrio
Spirillum
spirochete

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14
Q

Spirochetes pathogenic for humans

A

Treponemes
Borrelliae
Letropires

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15
Q

Classification of viruses

A

rod shaped
complex shaped
filamentous

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16
Q

Classification of fungi

A

Yeast
pseudohyphae
Hyphae

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17
Q

Eukaryote vs Prokaryotes

A

–> look at picture

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18
Q

Bacerial cell sheath (von innen nach außen)

A

Cytoplasmic membrane
Cell wall
Capsule (slime layer)

19
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane composition and its functions (5)

A

Lipid bilayer with proteins

  • Transport of metabolites
  • Synthesis of cell wall components
  • secretion
  • sensory
  • electron transport
20
Q

Cell wall functions (3)

A
  • shape
  • protection from water
  • diffusion
21
Q

Cell walls of gram + and gram - bacteria

A

GRAM +
- peptidoglycans with (teichoic Acid, proteins, lipoteichoic Acid)

GRAM -

  • lipopolysaccharide (o polys., core polys, Lipid A)
  • peptidoglycans with proteins
22
Q

Capsule and its functions (3)

A

slime layer composed of water and polsaccharide

  • inhibits phagocytosis
  • adhesion
  • water storage
23
Q

Bacterial flagella

A

Filament of Twisted fibrils

  • composed of basal Body, hook, Filament
  • in gram +: basal Body goes throiugh cytoplamsic membrane
  • in gram -: basal Body goes through cytoplasmic mebrane and cell wall
24
Q

Classification of Bacteria according to flagella

A
  • Monotrichous (fastest)
  • Amphitrichous
  • peritrichous
  • Lophotrichous
25
Q

Bacterial pili

A
  • hair like
  • composed of pilins

two Kinds:

  • fimbriae: for adhesion, Shorter
  • F-pili: longer, for Transfer of genes
26
Q

Cell wall structure of mycobacteriae

A
  • mycolic Acid
  • arabinogalactan
  • peptidogylcan
  • lipoarabinomannan goes through it vertically
27
Q

Life cycle of rikketsiae

A
  • attach to host cell and are andocytosed
  • degrade endosome membrane by phospholipase

spotted Fever Groups: multiply in nucleus and cytoplasm, are able to produce actin and are released through Long cytoplasmic processes

typhus Group: multiply only in cytoplasm, are released through cell death

28
Q

Life cycle of chlamydiae

A
  • infectious EB attach to microvilli
  • take 6-8h to become reticulate bodies
  • RB replicate by binary fission
  • RBs take 18-24h to become EB
  • EBs are released
29
Q

Properties of mycoplasmas

A
  • smalles free Living Bacteria (coccoid or rods)
  • dont have a cell wall –> resistance to Penicillin
  • cytoplasmic membrane with sterols
  • grow on artificial surfaces
30
Q

Bacterial spores

A
  • dehydrated, Multi shelled strucutre
  • dormant stage where Bacteria can survive extreme conditions
  • has copy of chromosome
  • low conc. of proteins and ribosomes
  • high conc. of Calcium Bound to dipicolinic Acid
  • some are gram + but never gram -
31
Q

Layers of spores

A
  • Exosporium
  • Protein coat
  • Outer membrane
  • Cortex
  • Spore wall
  • inner membrane
  • Core
32
Q

Bacterial sporogenesis

A
  • spore mRNA is transcribed, other mRNA turned off
  • Dipicolinic Acid is produced
  • duplication of chromosome
  • Septum is formed
  • two membranes are formed (cytoplasmic and Septum)
  • two membranes surrounded by Cortex
  • Cortex is surrounded by protein coat
33
Q

Germination of bacterial spores

A
  • disruption of outer cieat by mechanical stress, pH, heat..
  • requires water and triggering nutrient
  • takes 90 min
34
Q

koch’s Postulates of infectious disease

A

1- Microorganism is present in Organs suffering from disease
2- Microorgabism must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3- Microorganism should cause disease in healthy organism

35
Q

Differential stains examples

A
  • Gram stain. + is Crystal violet and - is saffranin
  • Schaeffer-Fulton: spore stain
  • Ziel-neelsen fast stain: red –> carolfuchsin, blue –> methylene blue
  • wirtz: endospores –> Malachite green, vegetative cells –> safranin
36
Q

Parts of microscope

A
  • blue filter; filters out Long wavelengths
  • condenser: converges light beams
  • Iris diaphragm: controls amount of light
  • Objective lens: magnifies
  • Ocular lens: magnifies
37
Q

Acid-fast baceria

A
  • cell wall is thick becuase 60% are made of Lipids
  • carbolfuchsin binds to cytoplasm
  • grow slowly because Lipids hinder nutrients to enter cell
  • non-motile, non-spore forming, Aerobic, rods
38
Q

Luis Pasteur

A
  • came up with pasteurization
  • came up with support for germ Theory
  • vaccination for antrhax and rabies
39
Q

Robert Koch

A
  • idintified causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, Anthrax
  • founder of modern bacteriology
  • delevoped staining of bacteria
40
Q

Dark field microscopy

A
  • condenser after light source –> only scattered light hits the specimen
  • over specimen there is objective lens collecting rays
  • used to observe light Bacteria Motion
41
Q

Electron microscope

A
  • light source and beam of accelerated electron

- wavelength of electron is 100,000x Shorter than Photon –> higher resolution

42
Q

Stereoscopic microscope

A
  • uses light reflected from Surface (non transmitted through)
  • 2 optical paths with 2 objectives and eyepieces
43
Q

Phase contrast microscope

A
  • 2 components: annular ring in condenser and Phase ring in objective
  • light passes through specimen –> Phase shift –> refraction
  • refracted light hits Phase ring –> Region will be dark
  • good for examination of internal details
44
Q

Actinomyces

A
  • facultative anaerobic, gram +
  • not Acid fast –> stain blue in Ziehl neelsen
  • grow slow
  • produce chronic, slow infections
  • rod shaped but together form hyphae

Microbio final (6 decks)

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