foundations of sport and exercise science Flashcards
what is sport and exercise psychology?
the scientific study of people and their behaviour in sport and exercise activities and the practical application of that knowledge
what is science?
a process or method of learning about the world through systematic, empirical, controlled and critical filtering of knowledge acquired through experience
4 purposes of a theory?
describe
explain
predict
control
what is a theory
a set of interrelated facts presenting a systematic view of some phenomenom in order to describe, explain and predict its future outcomes
what is a study?
investigator observes or assesses without changing the environment in any way (naturally occuring phenomenon)
don’t allow causal conclusions between variables
e.g giving fast and slow runners a survey assessing goal setting
what is an experiment?
investigator manipulates variables while observing them, then examines how changes in one or more variables affect changes in others
able to establish causal conclusions as manipulates variables and observes the effects
e.g giving one group of runners training on setting goals and the others none and observing the subsequent effects
difference between study and experiment?
study involves observing a naturally occuring event with no manipulation and therefore unable to establish causal relations
experiment enables manipulation of variables so able to establish causal relations as observing the effects of change in variables
strengths of scientifically derived knowledge
x3
systematic and controlled
highly reliable
objective and unbiased
limitations of scientifically derived knowledge
x3
reductionist
lack of focus on external validity (practicality)
slow to come about
strengths of professional practice knowledge
x3
innovative
holistic
immediate
limitations of professional practice knowledge
x3
subjective
less reliable
lack of explanations
what is professional pratice knowledge?
knowledge gained through experinece
e.g coaching a team and in the process gaining understanding
what is scientifcally derived knowledge?
knowledge obtained through systematic, controlled, empirical and critical methods
what are the 3 approaches to sport and exercise psychology?
psychophysiological
social-psychological
cognitive-behavioral
what is the psychophysiological orientation?
and an example
examines underlying psychophysiological processes of the brain in terms of primary causes of behaviour
brain causing behaviour
e.g anxiety causing focus on negative sights
using biofeedback is an example of adopting this approach
what is the social-psychological orientation?
behaviour determined by complex interaction of the social environment and the personal make-up of the athlete
e.g anxiety having an effect due to the social situation and the personal make-up of the person
what is the cognitive-behavioural orientation?
behaviour is determined by both the environment and thoughts (and interpretation of the 2)
e.g anxiety due to negative thoughts in a negative situation
would use self report measures
what are the 3 roles conducted by sport psychologists?
- research role e.g what leads to exercise adherence
- teaching role
- consulting role
what are the 2 specialities in sport psychology?
clinical sport psychology - deal with sporting individuals with emotional disorders, eating disorders and substance abuse
educational sport psychology - not licensed psychologists so don’t work with athletes with emotional disorders but educate athletes on how to develop psychological skills
what do both clinical and educational sport psychologists need to be qualified?
extensive knowledge of both psychology and sport science
what is the AASP and what do they do?
the Association for Applied Sport Psychology
promote research and practice in applied sport and exercise psychology
founder of the Olympic Games?
Pierre de Coubertin
what does the science of coaching focus on?
focuses on the use of general priciples
what does the art of coaching involve?
recognising when and how to indivdualise the general principles of sport and exercise psychology