Foundations of psych - People Flashcards
1
Q
Pettigrew
A
Intergroup Contact Theory (Under certain circumstances, positive intergroup contact can reduce prejudice toward the outgroup)
2
Q
Festinger
A
Social Comparison Theory (People will evaluate their own abilities by comparing themselves to similar others, especially when more objective measures are unavailable)
3
Q
Bandura
A
Social Learning Theory (People can learn by observing others, in the absence of explicit behavioural reproduction or reinforcement)
4
Q
Wilhelm Wundt
A
- Considered the first experimental psychologist
- Viewed reaction time as “mental chronometry”
- First to believe that conscious experience could be studied scientifically
- Conducted the first documented psychological experiment
- Believed that humans were capable of deciding what to attend to and thus what is perceived clearly
- VOLUNTARISM view
5
Q
Edward Titchener
A
- Structuralism, in which the mind could be broken down into the smallest elements of mental experience
- Believed that consciousness experience could be broken down into three types of mental elements: sensations, images, and feelings
6
Q
John Wallace Baird
A
- Elected president of the American Psychological Association
- Developed a program for the evaluation of army recruits that would serve as the first case of mass psychological testing anywhere in the world
7
Q
Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler
A
- Gestault (“form”, “whole”) Psychologists
- Believed that breaking a “whole” perception into its building blocks, would result in the loss of some important psychological information
8
Q
William James
A
- Functionalism
- Coined the term “stream of consciousness” to describe the flow of ideas that people experience while awake
- Emphasized the role of evolution
9
Q
James Mark Baldwin
A
- Founded the first psychology laboratory (at uoft!!)
- Became one of the first development psychologists
10
Q
Sigmund Freud
A
- Psychodynamic theory + its applications to the treatment of psychological disorders
- Ideas about the existence of the unconscious mind, the development of sexuality, dream analysis, and psychological roots of abnormal behaviour
- Developed the techniques of psychoanalysis for treating mental disorders
- Popularized the use of psychological principles for explaining everyday behaviour
- Theories based on observations of his patients, not experimental methods
11
Q
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
A
- Salivation in dogs experiment for behaviourism
- Cointed classical (Pavlovian) conditioning
12
Q
John B. Watson
A
- Began experimenting with learning in rats, coming to similar conclusions as Pavlov
- Echoed the blank-slate approach on the role of experience in behaviour, changing the world for advertising
13
Q
Ulric Neisser
A
- Contributed the term cognition to the emerging field that studied information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving
14
Q
Wilder Penfield
A
- Pioneered the surgical treatment of epilepsy
- Responsible for creating the first detailed functional maps of the human brain
15
Q
Donald Hebb
A
- Coined “Hebb’s rule”
- Summarized as the phrase “neurons that fire together, wire together.”
