Cognitive Psych - Memory Flashcards
Chabris and Simons
○ “The invisible gorilla”
Involved having a gorilla walk through a basketball court, most often people wouldn’t notice as their attention was on the gam
Multitasking
- No such thing
- It just involves you switching your attention from one task to the other
- Example studies
○ Multitasking peers (Weston & Cepeda)
○ Smartphone use during class (Glass & Kang)
○ The mere presence of one’s phone (Ward et al)
The information prcoessing model
○ Encoding phase
Information is acquired and processed into a neural code that the brain can use
○ Storage phase
The retention of encoded information (whether it is for a moment or a lifetime)
○ Retrieval phase
Recalling or remembering the stored information when we need it
Multi-store memory model
- Atkinson and Shiffrin
- sensory model -> short term memory model -> long term memory
sensory memory
Memory for sensory information that only lasts for an extremely brief (<1s) time. We are typically not even consciously aware of it
Types of rehearsal
- Maintenance rehearsal
Memory that remains for only a few seconds unless you actively think about it - Elaborative rehearsal
Putting the memory into long-term memory
Chunking
Organizing information into meaningful units to make it easier to remember
Ex. KFC, CEO, UBC, PHD rather than KFCCEOUBCPHD
George Sperling’s grid experiments
Found that sensory memory can likely hold all 12 letters but the icon disappears before you can report them all
Working memory model
- Baddeley and Hitch
Components… - Phonological loop
□ Auditory and verbal information - Visuospatial sketchpad
□ Visual information - Central executive
□ Control center, directs attention to relevant information - Episodic buffer
□ Integrates information, links to long-term memory
explicit memory
The processes involved when people remember specific information -> information that we are consciously aware of
semantic memory
- Memory for knowledge about the world
- Things that you know, even though you may not remember where or when you learned it
Ex. the capital of France
episodic memory
- Memory of your personal past experiences that includes information about the time and place the experiences occurred
Ex. the last wedding you attended
autobiographical memory
- Includes both semantic and episodic memory of the self
Ex. your birthday, cities you’ve lived in
HSAM
- highly superior autobiographical memory
- Jill price
- remember everything (ex. Mike ross)
implicit memory
The system underlying unconscious memories -> memories we acquire and use without awareness or intention
