Difficult topics

Question 1

What is the theory that says that consciousness is split up in parts, like matter is in atoms?

Answer 1

structuralism

Question 2

WEIRD problem in psychology?

Answer 2

generalizability

Question 3

Which part of the brain contains more nerve cells than the rest of the brain combined?

Answer 3

cerebellum

Question 4

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 4

Nerves that link brain and spinal cord

Question 5

What happens when chemicals are released from terminal buttons?

Answer 5

Transmits information between neurons

Question 6

Where is pleasure and which chemical?

Answer 6

Dopamine in nucleus accumbens

Question 7

What is the role of glia?

Answer 7

structural matrix

Question 8

What activates when you are nervous?

Answer 8

The sympathetic nervous system and the digestive system

Question 9

What is accommodation and equilibration in regards to Piaget’s theory?

Answer 9

Accommodation: Involves altering existing ideas or schemas as a result of new experiences.
Equilibration: A mechanism that assists children in achieving a balance between assimilation and accommodation.

Question 10

Where are each of the lobes located in the cerebral cortex and what are their roles?

Answer 10

Frontal: planning movement. Front of head
Parietal: touch. Top of head
Occipital: vision. Back of hear
Temporal: hearing. Above ear

Question 11

What is the function of fovea?

Answer 11

Detailed vision (cones in iris - 6 mil but for high levels of light)

Question 12

What is the Waber-fachner law?

Answer 12

relation between the actual change in a physical stimulus and the perceived change

Question 13

Is perception top down or bottom top?

Answer 13

not top -down

Question 14

What is true about validity and reliability and what are they?

Answer 14

Reliability is consistency
Validity is accuracy
Can be reliable but not valid

Question 15

What is the neutral stimulus in Pavlovian conditioning?

Answer 15

A stimulus that at first elicits no response
Ringing the bell

Question 16

What is the use of cornea and lens?

Answer 16

Light ray focus

Question 17

What is the flow of vision?

Answer 17

Ventral stream to temporal lobe

Question 18

What are the types of memory?

Answer 18

Semantic: facts about the world
Episodic: experiences
Autobiographical: facts about ourselves
Implicit: unintentionally memorized information
Explicit: intentionally memorized information

Question 19

What is Freud’s psychodynamic theory?

Answer 19

Unconscious Mind: Drives much of our behavior without our awareness.
Psychosexual Stages: Personality develops through five life stages; issues in any stage affect adulthood.
Id, Ego, Superego:
Id: Seeks pleasure.
Ego: Balances reality.
Superego: Enforces morals.
Defense Mechanisms: Used by the ego to manage stress and conflict.
Dream Analysis: Dreams reflect unconscious desires.
Free Association: Reveals unconscious thoughts through spontaneous speech.

Question 20

What is Wernicke’s and Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 20

Wernicke: no comprehension. Random words
Broca: loss of verbal fluency. Short sentences.

Question 21

What is the purpose of the mesolimbic pathway?

Answer 21

transports dopamine from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens and amygdala

Question 22

What is the James-Lange theory?

Answer 22

physical changes in the body happen first, which then leads to the experience of emotion

Question 23

Serotonin vs dopamine

Answer 23

Serotonin is associated with happiness, focus and calmness. Dopamine is associated with rewards and motivation

Question 24

What is the stroop effect?

Answer 24

our tendency to experience difficulty naming a physical color when it is used to spell the name of a different color

Question 25

What is the false consensus effect?

Answer 25

The tendency to overestimate how much others agree with us

Question 26

What is the principle of social proof?

Answer 26

humans are heavily influenced by the actions of others

Question 27

What is the health belief model?

Answer 27

a person’s belief in a personal threat of an illness or disease together with a person’s belief in the effectiveness of the recommended health behavior or action will predict the likelihood the person will adopt the behavior.

Question 28

What is factor analysis?

Answer 28

technique that is used to reduce a large number of variables into fewer numbers of factors

Question 29

What are hypothesis tests?

Answer 29

procedure for deciding whether the results of a research study support a particular theory which applies to a population

Question 30

What is Beck’s therapy beliefs?

Answer 30

• CBT

Question 31

What is Holland’s theory?

Answer 31

in choosing a career, people prefer jobs where they can be around others who are like them

Question 32

What is biofeedback?

Answer 32

a type of mind-body technique you use to control some of your body’s functions, (ex heart rate, breathing, etc)

Question 33

What is the principle of reciprocity?

Answer 33

• People tend to feel obligated to return favors after people do favors for them
• ex smiling at another

Question 34

What is the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 34

considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery.

Question 35

What is the halo effect?

Answer 35

The influence of a general impression on specific traits or behaviors

Question 36

What is drive reduction theory?

Answer 36

actions are driven by a desire to reduce internal uncomfortable states