Difficult topics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the theory that says that consciousness is split up in parts, like matter is in atoms?

A

structuralism

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2
Q

WEIRD problem in psychology?

A

generalizability

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3
Q

Which part of the brain contains more nerve cells than the rest of the brain combined?

A

cerebellum

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4
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Nerves that link brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

What happens when chemicals are released from terminal buttons?

A

Transmits information between neurons

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6
Q

Where is pleasure and which chemical?

A

Dopamine in nucleus accumbens

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7
Q

What is the role of glia?

A

structural matrix

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8
Q

What activates when you are nervous?

A

The sympathetic nervous system and the digestive system

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9
Q

What is accommodation and equilibration in regards to Piaget’s theory?

A

Accommodation: Involves altering existing ideas or schemas as a result of new experiences.
Equilibration: A mechanism that assists children in achieving a balance between assimilation and accommodation.

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10
Q

Where are each of the lobes located in the cerebral cortex and what are their roles?

A

Frontal: planning movement. Front of head
Parietal: touch. Top of head
Occipital: vision. Back of hear
Temporal: hearing. Above ear

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11
Q

What is the function of fovea?

A

Detailed vision (cones in iris - 6 mil but for high levels of light)

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12
Q

What is the Waber-fachner law?

A

relation between the actual change in a physical stimulus and the perceived change

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13
Q

Is perception top down or bottom top?

A

not top -down

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14
Q

What is true about validity and reliability and what are they?

A

Reliability is consistency
Validity is accuracy
Can be reliable but not valid

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15
Q

What is the neutral stimulus in Pavlovian conditioning?

A

A stimulus that at first elicits no response
Ringing the bell

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16
Q

What is the use of cornea and lens?

A

Light ray focus

17
Q

What is the flow of vision?

A

Ventral stream to temporal lobe

18
Q

What are the types of memory?

A

Semantic: facts about the world
Episodic: experiences
Autobiographical: facts about ourselves
Implicit: unintentionally memorized information
Explicit: intentionally memorized information

19
Q

What is Freud’s psychodynamic theory?

A

Unconscious Mind: Drives much of our behavior without our awareness.
Psychosexual Stages: Personality develops through five life stages; issues in any stage affect adulthood.
Id, Ego, Superego:
Id: Seeks pleasure.
Ego: Balances reality.
Superego: Enforces morals.
Defense Mechanisms: Used by the ego to manage stress and conflict.
Dream Analysis: Dreams reflect unconscious desires.
Free Association: Reveals unconscious thoughts through spontaneous speech.

20
Q

What is Wernicke’s and Broca’s aphasia?

A

Wernicke: no comprehension. Random words
Broca: loss of verbal fluency. Short sentences.

21
Q

What is the purpose of the mesolimbic pathway?

A

transports dopamine from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens and amygdala

22
Q

What is the James-Lange theory?

A

physical changes in the body happen first, which then leads to the experience of emotion

23
Q

Serotonin vs dopamine

A

Serotonin is associated with happiness, focus and calmness. Dopamine is associated with rewards and motivation

24
Q

What is the stroop effect?

A

our tendency to experience difficulty naming a physical color when it is used to spell the name of a different color

25
Q

What is the false consensus effect?

A

The tendency to overestimate how much others agree with us

26
Q

What is the principle of social proof?

A

humans are heavily influenced by the actions of others

27
Q

What is the health belief model?

A

a person’s belief in a personal threat of an illness or disease together with a person’s belief in the effectiveness of the recommended health behavior or action will predict the likelihood the person will adopt the behavior.

28
Q

What is factor analysis?

A

technique that is used to reduce a large number of variables into fewer numbers of factors

29
Q

What are hypothesis tests?

A

procedure for deciding whether the results of a research study support a particular theory which applies to a population

30
Q

What is Beck’s therapy beliefs?

A
  • CBT
31
Q

What is Holland’s theory?

A

in choosing a career, people prefer jobs where they can be around others who are like them

32
Q

What is biofeedback?

A

a type of mind-body technique you use to control some of your body’s functions, (ex heart rate, breathing, etc)

33
Q

What is the principle of reciprocity?

A
  • People tend to feel obligated to return favors after people do favors for them
  • ex smiling at another
34
Q

What is the biopsychosocial model?

A

considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery.

35
Q

What is the halo effect?

A

The influence of a general impression on specific traits or behaviors

36
Q

What is drive reduction theory?

A

actions are driven by a desire to reduce internal uncomfortable states