Fortified Wine Flashcards
What are the three grapes of Jerez
PX Pedro Ximenez
Palomino
Muscat
Why is the Palomino grape ideal for Sherry
it’s low in acid and lacks aromas which works for sherry styles that undergo biological or oxidative maturation
Why is PX grape ideal for sweet Sherries
Because it’s a thin skin grape that is likely to sun dry in the hot climate and has little aromas.
Which grape is just to make dry sherry
Palomino
What is the typical characteristic of MUSCAT
Low to med acidity with perfume aromas ofOrange blossom rose and grape
Why is Muscat not raisined after picking in fortified wine
Because the dried fruit flavors would mask the pure aromas and flavors of the grape
What practice is used to give aged Rutherglen fortified wines luscious sweetness
Raisining prior to picking to concentrate the sugar
What are the two styles of Muscat
Youthful, unaged and full development after extended aging
At what alcohol level is the spirit that is used to stop fermentation in fortified wine
96% abv
What is the style of Rutherglen fortified wine
Developed, Luscious and Aged in warm conditions, oxidative aromas
What is the style of Muscat Beaune de Venise fortified wine
Youthful, unaged, sweet but not luscious, pure fruit aromas
What are the two coastal cities that produce PORT
Porto
Vila Nova de Gaia
What are the three vineyards sub regions of port
Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior
What is the climate and effecting components of the port vineyards
Warm Continental with the Serra do Marao shielding Cool rainy Winds from the Atlantic
What is the climate difference of Baixo Corgo from other regions in port
Coolest and wettest
What are the climate challenges for Jerez
Spring Frost and heavy rain disrupting flowering, Hot summers with low rain. Schists bedrock reserves water from winter rains
What is the description of SOCALCOS terraces where vines are planted
Supported by Stone walls, narrow rows, no machine harvest is possible. Walls are expensive to maintain
Port: What is the description of PATAMARES Terrace where vines are planted
Built without walls, wide enough for machine harvest, prone to erosion
What is the description of VINHA AO ALTO where vines are planted
Unterraced, low slopes, roads cut across slopes where machines operate, prone erosion
What are the grape variety of port
TOURIGA NACIONAL TOURIGA Franca Tinta Roriz Tinta Cao Tinta Barroca
To create sweetness, fermentation is stopped by fortification in Port wines once alcohol reaches what level
5 - 9% abv
How long does fermentation last in port and what are the results
24-36 hours
Not enough tannin and color extraction
What are the techniques used to extract color and tannin for port
Foot treading
Autovinifers
Piston plungers
Robotic lagares
What is the strongest amount of spirit used for port wine
77% abv
What is the name of the spirit used in port
Aguardente
Where are PORTS transported to mature
The cooler coastal area of vila nova de Gaia
Where are TWANY PORTS transported to mature
Warmer region of Douro for faster aging and loss of color
How are ruby style PORTS aged
Short period of time in large old oak or stainless steel to retain primary fruit flavors
How are tawny style PORTS aged
Long oxidative maturation in barrels called pipes fading primary fruit notes.
What are the categories of port
Reserve/reserva
Vintage
Late bottle vintage LBV
Tawny with age indicator 10,20,30,40
LBV indicates what amount of aging time
Wine aged in bottle btw 4-6 years
Reserva indicates
High quality port or tawny
Reserva Tawny wood aged minimum 6years
Vintage wines indicate
Aged in large oak or stainless steel
Producer must register intent to make 2nd year AFTER harvest and bottled the 3rd year
What is the criteria for classifying wines for Oxidative aging
- grapes grown in warm, inland vineyards
- high temp fermentation
- dark, rich and heavy wine
What is the criteria for classifying wines for Biological aging
Grapes grown in cool, coastal vineyards
Cool fermentation
Pale, light with Finesse wine
What is Sobretabla
The period of months the fortified wines is examined to see if Flor develops before merging in the Solera system.
What gives biological ages sherry its flavors
Acetaldehyde that is form when the flor feeds off of oxygen and alcohol in the wine.
Most solera systems wines are blended from other solera systems. True or False
True
What are the Natural sweet oxidative styles
Muscat (oxidative)
PX (oxidative)
What are the sweeten style sherry
Pale Cream - Biological
Medium Cream - biological and oxidative
Cream - oxidative
What are the dry style sherry
Fino (Bio) Manzanilla (Bio) Amontillado (Bio Oxi) Oloroso (Oxi) Palo Cortado (Bio Oxi)
In order to thrive flor needs what
Humidity
Right temperature (cool-moderate)
Alcohol
What is the rare, high quality style of sherry
Palo Cortado
