Formulation and requirement for parental medicine

Question 1

What is parenteral medicine?

Answer 1

Taken into the body or administered by intravenous or intramuscular injection. i.e. injection, infusions.

Question 2

Routes of Parenteral Drug Administration?

Answer 2

intravenous: large proximal vein ; rapid response.

Intramuscular; into a muscle, small volume of injection, rapid absorption

Question 3

Routes of parenteral drug administration?

Answer 3

intradermal; between the epidermis and dermis

intraocular; into the eye

Question 4

advantages of parenteral formulation

Answer 4

immediate physiological response for acute medical situations
Drugs which have poor bioavaliablity or are rapidly degraded within the GI tract i.e insulin,
unconscious/uncooperative patients,

Question 5

Disadvantages of parenteral formulations

Answer 5

more complicated manufacturing process (aseptic technique)
skill on administration: dosage form administered by correct route
difficult to reverse the effects that have been administered parenterally

Question 6

General requirements for parenterals

Answer 6

they must be sterile

Must be essentially free from endotoxins and pyrogens (can cause fever and shock)