Acute inflammation Flashcards
What are the 5 symptoms of inflammation?
Swelling (oedema) Pain Heat Redness Joint immobility
What causes the heat and redness during inflammation?
Vasodilation –> arteriole dilation, increased blood flow to flammable white blood cells in plasma i.e. netrophils and monocytes which causes heat and redness
What causes swelling during inflammation?
leakage of plasma from blood vessel into the tissue which is plasma extravasation
What causes loss of function/joint immobilisation?
tissue remodelling, tissue destruction, fibrin deposition
How is histamine an inflammatory mediator?
vasodilator of arterioles via nitric oxide generation ?/
H1 and H4 receptors?
Histamine released from mast cells act directly on smooth muscle of arteriole which causes vasodiation and it causes contraction of venular endothelum which increases permeability
what are antihistamine drugs (H1 receptor antagonist)
Chlorpheniramine
Newer drugs with lower liphophlicity (astamizole, loratidine)
No H4 antagonists are currently licennced
What are prostaglandins?
group of lipids produced at the site of injury and they cause inflammation, by making the blood vessel more permeable
What are eicosanoids?
They’re oxidation products of 20 carbon fatty acids, i.e. prostagladins, prostacylins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes
What are the physiological function of prostaglandins
initiation of labour
inhibition of gastric acid secretion, increased mucus prodction
Inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilation
Platelet aggregation and vascoconstriction
what is the role of prostaglandins in fever?
fever is regulated by production and action of PGE2 ub the hypothalamus
Fever results from an elevation of the hypothalamus thermostant, which leads to increased metabolism and heat production,
What is cyclooxygenase? (COX)
an enzyme responsible for the formation of prostagladins from arachidonic acid
Cycolooxygenase exists in two isoforms, COX1: is important in normal function of stomach, intestine, kidney.
COX2: induced, especially during inflammation
What are NSAIDS? and give examples?
Non steriodial anti inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen,
