formulation

Question 1

what does psychiatric diagnosis allow for?

Answer 1

mental health disorders to be conceptualized in the same way as medical diseases

Question 2

what did Kendell et al (1971) do

Answer 2

showed diagnostic interviews with 8 patients to large groups of psychiatrists in the USA and UK

Question 3

who showed diagnostic interviews with 8 patients to large groups of psychiatrists in the USA and UK

Answer 3

Kendell et al (1971)

Question 4

what did Kendell et al (1971) find

Answer 4

were major disagreements for some patients, they also found that American concept of schizophrenia was much broader than the British concept

Question 5

what did Robert Spitzer 1975 do

Answer 5

successful in using strict, standardised criteria in research on mental illness

Question 6

what did Robert Spitzer 1975 achieve

Answer 6

researchers reached agreement on diagnosis

Question 7

what did Robert Spitzer go on to do

Answer 7

develop DSM-3

Question 8

what did Klerman (1978) do

Answer 8

developed a manifesto stating that there should be a focus on the biological aspect of mental illness

Question 9

who developed a manifesto stating that there should be a focus on the biological aspect of mental illness

Answer 9

Klerman (1978)

Question 10

who developed DSM-3

Answer 10

Robert spitzer

Question 11

when was DSM-5 published

Answer 11

2013

Question 12

problems with psychiatric diagnosis

Answer 12

it is not reliable, not valid and not all psychiatrists agree on the same diagnosis for the same patient

Question 13

what did Freedman et al. (2013) do

Answer 13

looked at DSM-5 field trails

Question 14

what did Freedman et al. (2013) find?

Answer 14

no disorder had a good Kappa value and only 3 had an acceptable Kappa value suggesting there is a lack of reliability

Question 15

problem with freedman et al 2013

Answer 15

they used open interviews rather than structured

Question 16

what did Fried and Nesse (2015) do

Answer 16

looked at symptom profiles of 3703 MMD patients

Question 17

what did Fried and Nesse (2015) find

Answer 17

1030 unique symptom profiles

Question 18

what did Hieronymous et al. (2016) do

Answer 18

looked at effects of SSRI’s on symptoms

Question 19

what did Hieronymous et al. (2016) find

Answer 19

only an effect on low mood

Question 20

what did Hieronymous et al. (2016) finding suggest

Answer 20

MDD may not be a single disorder

Question 21

what did Howe et al. (2014) do

Answer 21

interviewed 7 schizophrenic patients on views of diagnosis

Question 22

what did Howe et al. (2014) find

Answer 22

they all found it unpleasant and stigmatizing.

Question 23

what is formulation approach

Answer 23

works towards a psychological explanation of a patients problem and works towards a treatment

Question 24

an example of the formulation approach

Answer 24

wells 2006- using cognitive models to formulate for panic and filling this in based on each patient and developing a specific treatment plan

Question 25

what did Johnstone (2013) propose

Answer 25

in contrast to psychiatric diagnosis the formulation-based approach, creates meaning, promotes agency, includes social context, normalizes the illness and includes strengths

Question 25

problem with Johnstone 2013

Answer 25

it is hard to evaluate these claims

Question 26

what did Flinn et al 2015 do

Answer 26

investigated the reliability of the formulation-based approach using a systematic review of 18 studies

Question 27

what did Flinn et al 2015 find

Answer 27

formulations are not terribly reliable

Question 28

what did Mumma 2011 report

Answer 28

few studies have tested or evaluated the validity of formulation or have proposed methods to do so

Question 29

what does Johnstone 2018 argue?

Answer 29

we shouldn’t try to validate formulations.

Question 30

what can not be said?

Answer 30

that a formulation-based approach is more valid than an approach based on psychiatric diagnosis

Question 31

what did Pain et al. (2008) do

Answer 31

interviewed 13 psychosis patients about their experiences with formulation

Question 32

what did Pain et al. (2008) find

Answer 32

whilst some expressed positive emotions about formulation, the same amount experienced negative emotions and found it hard to process

Question 33

what did berry et al 2009 do

Answer 33

looked at if formulations improved staff attitude towards service users and problems

Question 34

what did berry et al 2009 find

Answer 34

formulation seemed to help attitude

Question 35

problems with berry et al 2009

Answer 35

no control group