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MH > depression > Flashcards

depression Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prominent model?

A

serotonin hypothesis

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2
Q

what is the psychological intervention

A

CBT

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3
Q

what is the biological intervention

A

antidepressants SSRI’s

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4
Q

Background of serotonin hypothesis

A

in 1950’s found blood pressure medication reduced serotonin and low mood

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5
Q

Who made the serotonin hypothesis model

A

Kessler & nemeroff 2000

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6
Q

what is the serotonin hypothesis model

A

hypoactivity in serotonin system, complex pattern of atypical activity in the norepinephrine system mostly hyperactivity some hyperactivity

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7
Q

what kind of activity in the serotonin system

A

hypoactivity

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8
Q

what kind of activity in the norepinephrine system

A

mostly hyperactivity some hypoactivty

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9
Q

where has hypoactivty

A

serotonin system

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10
Q

where has mostly hyperactivity

A

norepinephrine system

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11
Q

what studies support the serotonin hypothesis

A

acute tryptophan depletion studies

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12
Q

what happens in a acute tryptophan depletion studies

A

PP’s drink a drink with tryptophan and measure mood

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13
Q

what does the drink with tryptophan do

A

prevents tryptophan travelling through the blood brain barrier which reduces serotonin in the brain

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14
Q

what does tryptophan do

A

helps make serotonin

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15
Q

what did Ruhe et al 2007 do?

A

a ATD meta analysis of 45 studies in a range of people

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16
Q

what did Ruhe et al 2007 find

A

ATD caused depressive mood in those with/ who used to have depression but not those without

17
Q

name a ATD study

A

Ruhe et al 2007 meta anayslsis

18
Q

what did harmer et al 2017 find?

A

a delayed effect in SSRI’s

19
Q

what did harmer et al 2017 findings show

A

atypical serotonin contributes to depression but is not causal

20
Q

who authorised use of SSRIs

A

NICE 2004 using meta analysis’

21
Q

what did turner et al 2008 do

A

looked at published results of SSRI studies

22
Q

what did turner et al 2008 find

A

37/38 positives studies were published but only 14/36 of negative findings were and 11 of those misrepresented the results but effect size did not change when compared

23
Q

what did hieronymous et al 2016 do

A

looked at how SSRI’s effected different symptoms

24
Q

what did hieronymous et al 2016 find

A

SSRI’s effected different symptoms differently and SSRIs improve low mood but not all symptoms such as agitation

25
Q

should we group depressive symptoms and why?

A

no why? SSRI’s effected different symptoms differently

26
Q

what does CBT for MDD aim to do

A

identify negative thoughts, challenge them as irrational and replace with rational thoughts

27
Q

what are CBT methods

A

diary to record negative beliefs to identify triggers, give coping strategies, behavioural activation

28
Q

name the old study for CBT

A

Glaoguen et al 1998

29
Q

what did Glaoguen et al 1998 do

A

meta analysis of 20 studies for CBT vs placebo in MDD

30
Q

what did Glaoguen et al 1998 find

A

CBT was more effective

31
Q

what did Cuijpers et al 2014 do?

A

looked at RCT’s for CBT

32
Q

what did Cuijpers et al 2014 find?

A

only 11 RCTs were high quality but found significant effect of CBT but lower effect size in higher quality compared to lower quality RCT

33
Q

what did Cuijpers et al 2008 do?

A

looked at CBt with 7 other interventions

34
Q

what did Cuijpers et al 2008 find?

A

CBT to be most effective alongside psychodynamic therapy

35
Q

does the research support the serotonin hypothesis

A

yes but it also shows atypical serotonin contributes to depression but is not causal there could be more that contributes

36
Q

study 2 for SH

A

caspi 2003

37
Q

what did caspi do

A

looked at genetic variation in the serotonin transporter gene and seen if depression was more likely

38
Q

what did caspi find

A

genetic variation + stress = more chance of depression

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