Forming Impressions

Question 1

Correspondent Inference Theory

Answer 1

Degree of Choice - did they choose to act this way?
Expectation - how expected is it?
Intended Consequences - what are the reasons behind it?

Question 2

Covariation Theory

Answer 2

Consistency - does the individual usually behave this way? (yes - continue to seek explanation)
Distinctiveness - does the individual behave differently in different situations? (yes - situational)
Consensus - do others behave similarly in this situation? (yes - situational)

Question 3

Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)

Answer 3

tendency to over-value dispositional factors for the observed behaviours of others while under-valuing situational facots

Question 4

Actor/Observer Effect

Answer 4

When determining the cause of your own behaviour you’re more aware of situational factors

Question 5

Cultural Differences in FAE

Answer 5

Collectivistic - more situational

Individualistic - more dispositional (8/11 year olds make equal # of attributions)

Question 6

Above Average Effect

Answer 6

identify dispositional causes for your success, but situational causes for failure (everyone thinks they’re above average, but not everyone can be above average)

Question 7

Attributions for Positive Events

Answer 7

Actor - dispositional (I am smart)

Observer - situational (test was easy)

Question 8

Attributions for Negative Events

Answer 8

Actor - situational (test was hard)

Observer - dispositional (they are stupid)

Question 9

Representativeness Heuristic

Answer 9

Classify people by considering how well their behaviour fits within a certain prototype (bank teller example - more likely to be bank teller than feminist bank teller - ignores statistics)

Question 10

Availability Heuristic

Answer 10

easily available flaws - lower ratings

less available flaws - higher ratings

Question 11

Four Factors of Attraction

Answer 11

Proximity
Familiarity
Physical Attractiveness
Other’s Opinions

Question 12

Proximity

Answer 12

more attracted to people who are physically closer to us, anticipation of interaction increases attractiveness

Question 13

Functional Distance

Answer 13

how often you have the opportunity to interact

Question 14

Familiarity

Answer 14

The Mere Exposure Effect: tendency to be more positive towards things that are familiar, the more often the word was seen, the more that it was likely to be rated positively

Question 15

Mirror Image of Ourselves

Answer 15

we find our mirror image more attractive because that is what we are familiar with seeing, but family and friends thinks that correct image is more attractive because that’s how they see you

Question 16

Physical Attractive

Answer 16

making an impression based on the assumption that what is beautiful is good. Attractive people tend to make more money and date more people.

Question 17

Self-Esteem

Answer 17

Having someone like you when your self-esteem is low has more of an effect of your impression of that person then when your self-esteem is high or normal

Question 18

Opinion of Others

Answer 18

we like people who like us, and like people even more when they changed from disliking us to liking us