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Dermatology > Formatives > Flashcards

Formatives Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Venous ulcers tend to affect which areas (2)

A

Lateral OR medial malleous

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2
Q

Arterial ulcers tend to affect which areas (2)?

A

Foot or mid-shin

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3
Q

Pressure ulcers tend to affect areas of skin with

A

Contact with a source of pressure (most common sacrum, heels, ischea, greater trochanters)

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4
Q

Anchoring bias is…

A

Tendency to lock onto salient features in patient’s initial presentation too early in diagnostic process and failt o adjust this impression in later information

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5
Q

Availability bias is…

A

Disposition to judge things as being more likely if they readily come to mind

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6
Q

Chronic actinic dermatitis is assoicated with SCC development. True/false

A

False

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7
Q

Ulcers can lead to malignant changes. True/false?

A

True

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8
Q

Breslow thickness is defined as…

A

The depth from the GRANULAR layer of the epidermis to the deepest melanoma cell.

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9
Q

Which type of clothing is recommended against skin-cancer?

A

Long-sleeves with a tight weave

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10
Q

A medium-sized lesion on the patient’s hip should be excised how?

A

Excision with a skin flap

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11
Q

A large lesion on the patient’s calf should be excised how?

A

Excision with skin grafting

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12
Q

A small lesion on the patient’s cheek should be excised how?

A

Small elliptical excision

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13
Q

Describe 4 factors associated with SCC development?

A

1) Weekly/ regular sunbed use for years
2) Skin type 1
3) Transplantation
4) Lifelong outdoor occupation

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14
Q

A firm, raised, slightly pigmented lesion for 6 months which is NOT changing and occasionally itchy (but otherwise asymptomatic) indicates….

A

Dermatofibroma

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15
Q

Malignant melanoma is usually effectively treated with combination chemotherapy/ radiotherapy. True/false?

A

False - do not respond well to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

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16
Q

Tinea manuum is dermaphyte infection of the…..

A

Hand

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17
Q

Tinea barbae is infection of the…

A

Beard

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18
Q

Match the base/vehicle to description: “Semisolid emulsion of oil in water, with preservative, cosmetically acceptable”

A

Cream

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19
Q

Match base/vehicle to description, “Semisolid grease/oil, no preservative, less cosmetically acceptable”

A

Ointment

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20
Q

Match base/vehicle to description, “thickened aqueous solution”

A

Gel

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21
Q

Match the base/vehicle to the description, “semisolids, stiff, greasy, difficult to apply, often used in cooling/drying/soothing”

A

Paste

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22
Q

What’s the most appropriate diagnostic test for ring worm?

A

Skin scraping for microscopy, culture + Woods light

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23
Q

What’s the most appropriate diagnostic test for impetigo?

A

Swab of lesion for microbiology culture

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24
Q

What’s the most appropriate diagnostic test for scabies?

A

Skin scrapings for microscopy

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25
Q

What’s the most appropriate diagnostic test for shingles?

A

Swab of lesion fluid for PCR

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26
Q

Blisters on hand dorsum + crusting + hair growing on cheeks + otherwise healthy. Suggests what?

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

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27
Q

Cafe au lait macules are present in which % of NFT-1s?

A

90%

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28
Q

Tuberous sclerosis is inherited in which pattern?

A

Autosomal dominant

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29
Q

Rosacea may present with pustules and papules. True/false?

A

True

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30
Q

In rosacea, the female to male ratio is 3:1. True/false?

A

False

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31
Q

Localised chronic plaque psoriasis of trunk should NOT be treated with…

A

Potent topical steroids

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32
Q

Which strain of HPV most commonly causes warts/verrucas?

A

Types 1-4

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33
Q

Which strain of HPV most commonly causes genital warts?

A

Types 6 and 11.

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34
Q

Which HPV strains cause cervical cancer?

A

16 and 18

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35
Q

Arrange the following structures in the order that a red blood cell would pass through them when traveling from the lungs to the big toe. Top to bottom with top being 1st:

  • left side heart
  • aorta
  • abdominal aorta
  • common iliac
  • external iliac
  • femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
  • dorsalis pedis
  • pulmonary vein
A

1) Pulmonary vein
2) Left side of heart
3) Aorta
4) Abdominal aorta
5) Common iliac
6) External iliac
7) Femoral
8) Popliteal
9) Dorsalis pedis

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36
Q

Creams are more likely than ointments to cause contact sensitisation. True/false?

A

True - presence of preservatives in cream

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37
Q

Lotions are useful for very dry and hyperkeratoic eczema. True/false?

A

False - greasier ointments are better.

38
Q

History of itch int he months preceding the onset of blistering is a typical feature of bullous pemphigoid. True/false?

A

True

39
Q

Small, thin roofed blisters which rupture easily is a feature of bullous pemphigoid. True/false?

A

False - this sounds more like pemphigus

40
Q

The atopic triad is…

A

1) Atopic eczema
2) Asthma
3) Hayfever

41
Q

Do potatoes contain gluten?

A

No

42
Q

Select the gluten-containing options from this list:

1) Potatoes
2) Rye
3) Sweetcorn
4) Rice
5) Wheat
6) Barley

A
  • Rye
  • Wheat
  • Barely
43
Q

Topical steroids are hydrophilic. True/false?

A

False - they are LIPOPHILLIC

44
Q

Patients with psoriasis worried about cosmesis should be first-line treated with….

A

Vitamin D analogue cream

45
Q

1st line treatment for rosacea?

A

Topical metronidazole (moving to PO tetracycline if ineffective)

46
Q

Type 1 is a delayed hypersensitivity. True/false?

A

False - immediate hypersensitivity.

47
Q

Type 2 is a direct hypersensitivity. True/false?

A

True

48
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity is mediated by immune complexes. True/false?

A

True

49
Q

Mucosal membranes are usually keratinised. True/false?

A

False

50
Q

Mucosal membranes have glands. True/false?

A

True

51
Q

Hemi-desmosomes are present in the dermis. True/false?

A

False

52
Q

Ground substance is found in the epidermis/dermis?

A

Dermis

53
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria is caused by a deficiency in which enzyme?

A

PBG deaminase

54
Q

Blaschko’s lines develop along cutaneous nerves, true/false?

A

False, these lines are not along any structure

55
Q

Skin is complete by 5 months of gestation. True/false?

A

False - sweat glands don’t develop until 6 months.

56
Q

The basal layer of the epidermis is the most metabolically active. True/false?

A

True

57
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity is mediated by which antibody class?

A

IgE

58
Q

Types II & III hypersensitivity are mediated by which antibody class?

A

IgG and IgM

59
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by which cell type?

A

Th1 cells

60
Q

Skin problems make up which % of GP consultations?

A

15-23%

61
Q

How many days does it take for a skin cell to migrate from the basal layer to the keratin layer?

A

28 days

62
Q

The keratin layer is 100% keratin and filaggrin. True/false?

A

False

63
Q

Granular layer is usually 10 cells thick. True/false?

A

False (2-3)

64
Q

The Prickle cell layer filaments are intracellular. True/false?

A

False (they are INTERcellular)

65
Q

Prevalence is…

A

The proportion of a population affected by a disease at a given time

66
Q

History: Young patient, skin reddens in sun but NO rash, skin type 1, otherwise healthy. Likely Dx?

A

Erythropoetic protoporhyria

67
Q

19% of the population have a skin disease at any time. True/false?

A

False

68
Q

There are 1000 skin diseases. True/false?

A

False - there are over 2000

69
Q

Vitamin D metabolism is carried out by which cell type?

A

Keratinocytes

70
Q

Energy storage is carried out by which cell type?

A

Adipocytes

71
Q

Epidermal proliferation is carried out by which cell layer of skin?

A

Basal cells

72
Q

Toenails grow faster than fingernails. True/false?

A

False (toenails grow slower)

73
Q

Nails grow around 1mm a day. True/false?

A

False - they grow at 0.1mm a day (fingernails, while toenails grow slower)

74
Q

Which enzyme deficiency is responsible for EPP?

A

Ferrochelotase

75
Q

A modulin causes damage to the host directly/indirectly?

A

Indirectly

76
Q

An impedin….

A

Enables the organism to avoid host defences

77
Q

Anagen phase is…

A

Growing

78
Q

Catagen phase is…

A

Dying / involuting

79
Q

Telogen phase is…

A

Resting

80
Q

Langerhans cells are formed in the liver. True/false?

A

False - they are made in the bone marrow

81
Q

Melanocyte primary function is

A

Absorb UV radiation / protect

82
Q

Highly metabolically active, small, cubodial cells are assoicated with which cell layer?

A

Basal

83
Q

Odland bodies are associated with which layer?

A

Granular

84
Q

Corneocytes are associated with which layer?

A

Keratin layer

85
Q

Polyhedral cells with lots of desmosomes are associated with which skin layer?

A

Prickle

86
Q

What’s the commonest gland on the face?

A

Eccrine

87
Q

Apocrine glands are affected in acne. True/false?

A

False - it’s sebaceous glands

88
Q

The main function of apocrine glands is cooling. True/false?

A

False - it’s the eccrine glands

89
Q

Pacinian corpuscles sense…

A

Pressure

90
Q

Meissiner’s corpuscles sense…

A

Vibration

91
Q

Which glands moisten palms/soles for grip?

A

Eccrine

Dermatology (15 decks)

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