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Formatives Flashcards

1
Q

Venous ulcers tend to affect which areas (2)

A

Lateral OR medial malleous

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2
Q

Arterial ulcers tend to affect which areas (2)?

A

Foot or mid-shin

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3
Q

Pressure ulcers tend to affect areas of skin with

A

Contact with a source of pressure (most common sacrum, heels, ischea, greater trochanters)

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4
Q

Anchoring bias is…

A

Tendency to lock onto salient features in patient’s initial presentation too early in diagnostic process and failt o adjust this impression in later information

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5
Q

Availability bias is…

A

Disposition to judge things as being more likely if they readily come to mind

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6
Q

Chronic actinic dermatitis is assoicated with SCC development. True/false

A

False

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7
Q

Ulcers can lead to malignant changes. True/false?

A

True

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8
Q

Breslow thickness is defined as…

A

The depth from the GRANULAR layer of the epidermis to the deepest melanoma cell.

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9
Q

Which type of clothing is recommended against skin-cancer?

A

Long-sleeves with a tight weave

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10
Q

A medium-sized lesion on the patient’s hip should be excised how?

A

Excision with a skin flap

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11
Q

A large lesion on the patient’s calf should be excised how?

A

Excision with skin grafting

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12
Q

A small lesion on the patient’s cheek should be excised how?

A

Small elliptical excision

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13
Q

Describe 4 factors associated with SCC development?

A

1) Weekly/ regular sunbed use for years
2) Skin type 1
3) Transplantation
4) Lifelong outdoor occupation

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14
Q

A firm, raised, slightly pigmented lesion for 6 months which is NOT changing and occasionally itchy (but otherwise asymptomatic) indicates….

A

Dermatofibroma

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15
Q

Malignant melanoma is usually effectively treated with combination chemotherapy/ radiotherapy. True/false?

A

False - do not respond well to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

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16
Q

Tinea manuum is dermaphyte infection of the…..

A

Hand

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17
Q

Tinea barbae is infection of the…

A

Beard

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18
Q

Match the base/vehicle to description: “Semisolid emulsion of oil in water, with preservative, cosmetically acceptable”

A

Cream

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19
Q

Match base/vehicle to description, “Semisolid grease/oil, no preservative, less cosmetically acceptable”

A

Ointment

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20
Q

Match base/vehicle to description, “thickened aqueous solution”

A

Gel

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21
Q

Match the base/vehicle to the description, “semisolids, stiff, greasy, difficult to apply, often used in cooling/drying/soothing”

A

Paste

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22
Q

What’s the most appropriate diagnostic test for ring worm?

A

Skin scraping for microscopy, culture + Woods light

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23
Q

What’s the most appropriate diagnostic test for impetigo?

A

Swab of lesion for microbiology culture

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24
Q

What’s the most appropriate diagnostic test for scabies?

A

Skin scrapings for microscopy

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25
What's the most appropriate diagnostic test for shingles?
Swab of lesion fluid for PCR
26
Blisters on hand dorsum + crusting + hair growing on cheeks + otherwise healthy. Suggests what?
Porphyria cutanea tarda
27
Cafe au lait macules are present in which % of NFT-1s?
90%
28
Tuberous sclerosis is inherited in which pattern?
Autosomal dominant
29
Rosacea may present with pustules and papules. True/false?
True
30
In rosacea, the female to male ratio is 3:1. True/false?
False
31
Localised chronic plaque psoriasis of trunk should NOT be treated with...
Potent topical steroids
32
Which strain of HPV most commonly causes warts/verrucas?
Types 1-4
33
Which strain of HPV most commonly causes genital warts?
Types 6 and 11.
34
Which HPV strains cause cervical cancer?
16 and 18
35
Arrange the following structures in the order that a red blood cell would pass through them when traveling from the lungs to the big toe. Top to bottom with top being 1st: - left side heart - aorta - abdominal aorta - common iliac - external iliac - femoral artery - popliteal artery - dorsalis pedis - pulmonary vein
1) Pulmonary vein 2) Left side of heart 3) Aorta 4) Abdominal aorta 5) Common iliac 6) External iliac 7) Femoral 8) Popliteal 9) Dorsalis pedis
36
Creams are more likely than ointments to cause contact sensitisation. True/false?
True - presence of preservatives in cream
37
Lotions are useful for very dry and hyperkeratoic eczema. True/false?
False - greasier ointments are better.
38
History of itch int he months preceding the onset of blistering is a typical feature of bullous pemphigoid. True/false?
True
39
Small, thin roofed blisters which rupture easily is a feature of bullous pemphigoid. True/false?
False - this sounds more like pemphigus
40
The atopic triad is...
1) Atopic eczema 2) Asthma 3) Hayfever
41
Do potatoes contain gluten?
No
42
Select the gluten-containing options from this list: 1) Potatoes 2) Rye 3) Sweetcorn 4) Rice 5) Wheat 6) Barley
- Rye - Wheat - Barely
43
Topical steroids are hydrophilic. True/false?
False - they are LIPOPHILLIC
44
Patients with psoriasis worried about cosmesis should be first-line treated with....
Vitamin D analogue cream
45
1st line treatment for rosacea?
Topical metronidazole (moving to PO tetracycline if ineffective)
46
Type 1 is a delayed hypersensitivity. True/false?
False - immediate hypersensitivity.
47
Type 2 is a direct hypersensitivity. True/false?
True
48
Type 3 hypersensitivity is mediated by immune complexes. True/false?
True
49
Mucosal membranes are usually keratinised. True/false?
False
50
Mucosal membranes have glands. True/false?
True
51
Hemi-desmosomes are present in the dermis. True/false?
False
52
Ground substance is found in the epidermis/dermis?
Dermis
53
Acute intermittent porphyria is caused by a deficiency in which enzyme?
PBG deaminase
54
Blaschko's lines develop along cutaneous nerves, true/false?
False, these lines are not along any structure
55
Skin is complete by 5 months of gestation. True/false?
False - sweat glands don't develop until 6 months.
56
The basal layer of the epidermis is the most metabolically active. True/false?
True
57
Type 1 hypersensitivity is mediated by which antibody class?
IgE
58
Types II & III hypersensitivity are mediated by which antibody class?
IgG and IgM
59
Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by which cell type?
Th1 cells
60
Skin problems make up which % of GP consultations?
15-23%
61
How many days does it take for a skin cell to migrate from the basal layer to the keratin layer?
28 days
62
The keratin layer is 100% keratin and filaggrin. True/false?
False
63
Granular layer is usually 10 cells thick. True/false?
False (2-3)
64
The Prickle cell layer filaments are intracellular. True/false?
False (they are INTERcellular)
65
Prevalence is...
The proportion of a population affected by a disease at a given time
66
History: Young patient, skin reddens in sun but NO rash, skin type 1, otherwise healthy. Likely Dx?
Erythropoetic protoporhyria
67
19% of the population have a skin disease at any time. True/false?
False
68
There are 1000 skin diseases. True/false?
False - there are over 2000
69
Vitamin D metabolism is carried out by which cell type?
Keratinocytes
70
Energy storage is carried out by which cell type?
Adipocytes
71
Epidermal proliferation is carried out by which cell layer of skin?
Basal cells
72
Toenails grow faster than fingernails. True/false?
False (toenails grow slower)
73
Nails grow around 1mm a day. True/false?
False - they grow at 0.1mm a day (fingernails, while toenails grow slower)
74
Which enzyme deficiency is responsible for EPP?
Ferrochelotase
75
A modulin causes damage to the host directly/indirectly?
Indirectly
76
An impedin....
Enables the organism to avoid host defences
77
Anagen phase is...
Growing
78
Catagen phase is...
Dying / involuting
79
Telogen phase is...
Resting
80
Langerhans cells are formed in the liver. True/false?
False - they are made in the bone marrow
81
Melanocyte primary function is
Absorb UV radiation / protect
82
Highly metabolically active, small, cubodial cells are assoicated with which cell layer?
Basal
83
Odland bodies are associated with which layer?
Granular
84
Corneocytes are associated with which layer?
Keratin layer
85
Polyhedral cells with lots of desmosomes are associated with which skin layer?
Prickle
86
What's the commonest gland on the face?
Eccrine
87
Apocrine glands are affected in acne. True/false?
False - it's sebaceous glands
88
The main function of apocrine glands is cooling. True/false?
False - it's the eccrine glands
89
Pacinian corpuscles sense...
Pressure
90
Meissiner's corpuscles sense...
Vibration
91
Which glands moisten palms/soles for grip?
Eccrine

Dermatology (15 decks)

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