Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Formative 2 > Flashcards

Formative 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Does the olfactory nerve have afferent or efferent components

A

Afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If the olfactory nerve is damaged, it will result in anosmia on which side

A

Ipsilateral side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does CN I enter the cranial cavity

A

Enters via small holes in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CN I is commonly damaged in fractures to what?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the optic nerve tested in an unconscious patient

A

By observing pupillary constriction in response to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does CN II enter the skull

A

Via the optic canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the left and right branch of the optic nerve first join

A

Optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of fibres does CN III carry and where to

A

Parasympathetic fibres from edigner-Westphal n in tegmentum to ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Damage to the oculomotor nerve will lead to ptosis (dropping) of the eyelid on which side

A

Opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Damage to the abducens nerve will result in inability to…..

A

Abduct the affected eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A person with trochlear nerve damage will complain of…..

A

Double vision as they look down eg when walking down the stairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which CNs pass through the superior orbital fissure and what other structures

A

3, 4, 6 and 7
Opthalmic vein
Sympathetic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do the 3 trigeminal nerves pass through the skull

A

Opthalmic - superior orbital fissure
Maxillary - rotundum
Mandibular - ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which nerve carries taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

CN7 - facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which nerve carries taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

CN VII - hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What supplies the submandibular salivary gland

A

Receives parasympathetic input from CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which CNs pass through the jugular foramen

A

IX
X vagus
XI accessory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does CN VII (facial) exit the skull

A

Internal auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the nucleus of CN 7 located

A

Tegmentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CN VII runs a course closely related to….

A

The middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What 2 things is CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear) concerned with

A

Balance and hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When CN VIII is diseased, it may cause…..

A

Rapid eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the Weber test

A

With comp,eye damage of CN VIII, when a tuning fork is placed in the middle of the forehead the sound is heard best on the opposite side as the damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A tumour of CN VIII may cause paralysis of what due to what

A

Paralysis of the muscles of facial expression because the facial nerve is compressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where does CN VIII exit the cranial cavity

A

Internal auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Vagus nerve carries parasympathetic fibres to which 3 organs

A

Heart
Lungs
Bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where does CN X leave the brain

A

Medulla between pyramid and inferior cerebellar peduncle

28
Q

CN X has a motor branch to all pharyngeal muscles except……

A

Stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN IX

29
Q

What effect does the vagus nerve have on HR and BP when stimulated

A

Decreases both

30
Q

What type of fibres does the accessory nerve carry and where to

A

Purely motor to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

31
Q

Which vein does CN XI (accessory) run in close proximity to

A

Internal jugular vein

32
Q

CN XI exits the cranial cavity via….

A

The internal jugular foramen alongside the spinal cord

33
Q

Where does CN XII (hypoglossal) leave the cranial cavity

A

Hypoglossal canal

34
Q

Where are CN XII nerve cell bodies located

A

Within the medulla

35
Q

Damage to CN XII will cause paralysis of which half of the tongue

A

Ipsilateral

36
Q

The spinothalamic tract conveys nociceptive info to the……

A

Contralateral thalamus

37
Q

Where is the spinothalamic tract found

A

Found in the anterolateral white matter of the spinal cord

38
Q

After they deccusate, the fibres of the spinothalamic tract synapse…

A

In the thalamus before projecting into the neocortex

39
Q

What is the middle ear filled with

A

Air

40
Q

What is conductive deafness

A

Reduction in the mechanical transmission of sound waves to the oval window

41
Q

What modifies the stiffness of the ossicullar chain

A

Tensor tympani and stapedius

42
Q

Sounwaves enter the cochlea via the….

A

Oval window

43
Q

How many times does the cochlea coil around the modiolus

A

2 1/2 - 2 3/4 times

44
Q

What is the organ of corti

A

Specialised structure which rests on the basilar membrane

Contains auditory sensory cells

45
Q

The scala vestibuli is continuous with the scala tympani via the,….

A

Helicotrema

46
Q

Which antibiotics can damage the stereocilia of hair cells

A

Aminoglycoside

47
Q

How many rows of inner vs outer hair cells are there

A

Can be 4-5 rows of outer hair cells

Only one single row of inner hair cells

48
Q

What is the function of the semi circular canals

A

Detect rotational acceleration and deceleration

49
Q

What detects the position of the head with respect to gravity and linear acceleration

A

Otolithic organs - utricle and saccule

50
Q

How many semi circular canals are there and how are they arranged in relation to each other

A

3 in total

3 different planes

51
Q

What does damage to the canals of one side result in

A

A Nystagmus with slow phase towards the damaged side and rapid reset away from it

52
Q

Do the SSC in the left ear affect movement of the left/ right ear

A

Both eyes

53
Q

What can pouring ice cold water in the external auditory meatus cause

A

Convection currents in the SSC and nystagmus

54
Q

What are the otolithic organs filled with

A

Endolymph

55
Q

What are mossy fibres and where are they derived from

A

Axons

Derived from various brainstem nuclei except inferior olivary nucleus

56
Q

What are the output neurons from the cerebelllar cortex known as

A

Purkinje which are inhibitory in nature

57
Q

What type of fibres are derived from the inferior olivary nucleus

A

Climbing fibres

58
Q

Where does the cerebellum principally receive info from

A

Vestibular system - coordination, posture and balance

59
Q

Do cerebellar lesions have ipsilateral or contralateral effect. Give eg

A

Ipsilateral

A lesion in the left lobe will result in decomposition of movement on the left hand side of the body

60
Q

Give the 6 cerebellar disease. Hint: DANISH

A

Dysdiadochokinesis - inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements
Ataxia - gait and posture
Nystagmus - eye makes repetitive, uncontrolled movements
Intention tremor - involuntary muscle contractions
Speech impairment
Hypotonia - decreased muscle tone

61
Q

Where are olfaction and gestation represented

A

Ipsilaterally in areas including the post central gurus and insular cortex

62
Q

Where do afferents from olfactory receptors synapse

A

Synapse with mitral cells in olfactory bulb before projecting to the primary gustatory cortex

63
Q

How many receptors does a single glomerulus in the olfactory bulb take input from

A

Many receptors

64
Q

Give the 3 CNs involved in taste sensation and each of their specific roles

A 
CN VII (facial) - anterior 2/3 tongue 
CN IX (glossopharyngeal) - posterior 1/3 tongue 
CN X (vagus) - epiglottis
65
Q

What are the 4 types of papillae and where are they located. Which is not concerned with taste

A

Fungiform - anterior 2/3
Foliage - edges, posterior 1/3
Circumvallate - rear
Filiform - cover most of upper surface. These are not gustatory, they’re mechanical

Neuroscience (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions