Basal Ganglia Disease

Question 1

What are the 2 subgroups of the rostral part of the basal ganglia

Answer 1

Striatum - putamen and caudate nucleus

Globus pallidus - internal and external segments

Question 2

What are the 2 structures in the caudal part of basal ganglia

Answer 2

Subthalamic nucleus

Substantia nigra

Question 3

What 3 circuits do the basal ganglia play a role in

Answer 3

Motor
Limbic
Oculomotor

Question 4

What are the basic differences between huntingtons and parkinsons disease

Answer 4

HD - decreased muscle tone, overshooting movements and too much dopamine
PD - increased muscle tone, reduced movements and not enough dopamine

Question 5

Give the AA and precursor in dopamine synthesis

Answer 5

L-tyrosine

L-DOPAN

Question 6

How many dopamine receptors are there and group them into different classes

Answer 6

5
Class - 1,5
Class - 2,3,4

Question 7

Where is pathology found in PD

Answer 7

Substantia nigra

Question 8

Where is pathology found in HD

Answer 8

Caudate nucleus and Striatum

Question 9

What is the antagonist of dopamine and where are they produced

Answer 9

Inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

Medium spiny neurons in striatum

Question 10

Give the cardinal features of PD

Answer 10

Akinesia (slow movements) : problems with doing up buttons, writing smaller, deteriorated walking (shuffling)

Tremor: at rest, one side only

Rigidity: pain, problems turning in bed