Formative

Question 1

Answer 1

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Question 2

Answer 2

Vitamin B12

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

The cori cycle

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Coenurus cerebralis typically found in the brain of sheep & cattle is the intermediate stage of … parasite

Answer 6

taenia multiceps

Question 7

…. enables more efficient absorption of dietary lipid by acting as a detergent to create small lipid droplets

Answer 7

bile

Question 8

Which mineral is an important constituent of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidise

Answer 8

selenium

Question 9

What do humans inadvertently ingest which results in a hydatid (Echinococcus) cyst infection

Answer 9

food or water contaminated with Echinococcus eggs

Question 10

What is the lifecycle of Trichostrongylus species in sheep

Answer 10

direct lifecycle & pre-patent period of 16-21 days

Question 11

What is the most appropriate diagnostic technique for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in snake faeces

Answer 11

faecal smear & staining with acid-fast stain

Question 12

What cell type secretes a viscous HCO3- mucus to balance the acidic environment in stomach

Answer 12

surface epithelial cells

Question 13

in the cow, where are the majority of ketone bodies produced

Answer 13

liver

Question 14

At tupping, what is the most appropriate body condition score for a ewe

Answer 14

2.5

Question 15

Where are anal sacs positioned in the dog and cat in relation to the anus?

Answer 15

4 o’clock and 8 o’clock position

Question 16

Briefly describe how coronaviruses bind to intestinal cells [2 marks] and briefly describe the mechanism behind the diarrhoea caused by coronavirus [2 marks].

Answer 16

• Bind: (max 2 marks)
  o spike proteins bind to aminopeptidase N (1)
  o highly expressed in mature enterocytes (1)
• Mechanism: (max 2 marks)
  o severe villous atrophy (1)
  o targets enterocytes (1)
  o Stunted/fused villi (1)
  o Decreased absorption capability (1)

Question 17

Describe the mechanism of intestinal repair in the epithelium.

Answer 17

continuous cell renewal [1]

every 2-5 days [1]

stem cells in Crypt of Lieberkuhn [1]

cell differentiate as migrate upwards [1]

epithelial cell escalator [1]

Question 18

Outline a suitable diet and feeding regime for adult pigs [4 marks] and list any considerations which should be taken into account when deciding the amount of energy to feed the pigs [3 marks].

Answer 18

• Suitable diet: max 4 marks
  o Non ruminant/single stomach (1)
   Unable to digest complex plant fibre/cannot just feed fibre (1)
   Feed 2-3 meals per day (1)
  o Compound diet fed usually (1)
   Cereals are a good food source (1)
  o Access to water 24/7 ad lib (1)
  o Omnivores (1)
  o Can have non contaminated waste fruit/vegetables (not kitchen scraps) (1)
• Considerations: max. 3 marks
  o Age – need energy and protein for growth (1)
  o Pregnant – need energy for fetal growth (1)
  o Lactating – need energy for milk production (1)
  o Body condition – need energy to gain/less energy to lose weight (1)
  o Indoor/outdoor – need energy for heat (1)