Formative Flashcards
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Vitamin B12
The cori cycle
Coenurus cerebralis typically found in the brain of sheep & cattle is the intermediate stage of … parasite
taenia multiceps
…. enables more efficient absorption of dietary lipid by acting as a detergent to create small lipid droplets
bile
Which mineral is an important constituent of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidise
selenium
What do humans inadvertently ingest which results in a hydatid (Echinococcus) cyst infection
food or water contaminated with Echinococcus eggs
What is the lifecycle of Trichostrongylus species in sheep
direct lifecycle & pre-patent period of 16-21 days
What is the most appropriate diagnostic technique for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in snake faeces
faecal smear & staining with acid-fast stain
What cell type secretes a viscous HCO3- mucus to balance the acidic environment in stomach
surface epithelial cells
in the cow, where are the majority of ketone bodies produced
liver
At tupping, what is the most appropriate body condition score for a ewe
2.5
Where are anal sacs positioned in the dog and cat in relation to the anus?
4 o’clock and 8 o’clock position
Briefly describe how coronaviruses bind to intestinal cells [2 marks] and briefly describe the mechanism behind the diarrhoea caused by coronavirus [2 marks].
- Bind: (max 2 marks)
o spike proteins bind to aminopeptidase N (1)
o highly expressed in mature enterocytes (1) - Mechanism: (max 2 marks)
o severe villous atrophy (1)
o targets enterocytes (1)
o Stunted/fused villi (1)
o Decreased absorption capability (1)
Describe the mechanism of intestinal repair in the epithelium.
continuous cell renewal [1]
every 2-5 days [1]
stem cells in Crypt of Lieberkuhn [1]
cell differentiate as migrate upwards [1]
epithelial cell escalator [1]
Outline a suitable diet and feeding regime for adult pigs [4 marks] and list any considerations which should be taken into account when deciding the amount of energy to feed the pigs [3 marks].
- Suitable diet: max 4 marks
o Non ruminant/single stomach (1)
Unable to digest complex plant fibre/cannot just feed fibre (1)
Feed 2-3 meals per day (1)
o Compound diet fed usually (1)
Cereals are a good food source (1)
o Access to water 24/7 ad lib (1)
o Omnivores (1)
o Can have non contaminated waste fruit/vegetables (not kitchen scraps) (1) - Considerations: max. 3 marks
o Age – need energy and protein for growth (1)
o Pregnant – need energy for fetal growth (1)
o Lactating – need energy for milk production (1)
o Body condition – need energy to gain/less energy to lose weight (1)
o Indoor/outdoor – need energy for heat (1)
