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Grouppsychology > Formation > Flashcards

Formation Flashcards

1
Q

Joining groups - overview

A
  • Different from each other
  • Predispose to join or not
  • Personality Traits
  • Joiners or loners
    Affected most by extraversion
  • Personality Group Fit
    Who join where?
  • Anxiety and Attachment
    In what they way they interact with each other
  • Social motivations
  • Men, women and groups
  • Attitudes, experiences and expectations
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2
Q

Personality

A

The configuration of distinctive but enduring characteristics, such as traits, values or temperament
- Predispose how people react or act in situations

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3
Q

The Big Five Theory

A

Predispose if a person will join groups, how they will act with each other.
- 5 fundamental traits - structure up differences in personality
- Consistent differences across time and situations
Why certain people always tend to take leader positions, or stay in the background
- Extraversion: engagement and interest in social interactions, such as talkativeness, friendliness or cheerfulness
- Agreeableness: cooperative orientation to others, such as compassion, acceptance or modesty
- Conscientiousness: persistence in the pursuit of tasks, self-confidence, achievement striving or measured responding
- Neuroticism: tendencies to strong emotional response to a situations, lack of impulse control, anxiety or shyness
- Open to experience: active pursuit of intellectually and aesthetically stimulation activities, imagination, curiosity or openness to emotions

OCEAN

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4
Q

Extraverts

A
  • Tendency to move towards people, belong and like to with groups
  • Prefer social interactions
  • Tend to be leaders, very engaged in the group
  • Happier than introverts
    1. More sensitive to rewards, more social interactions more happiness
    2. Because they are in a lot of groups
  • Groups tend to look for extraverts more often, easy to spot them
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5
Q

Introverts

A
  • Tendency to move away from groups
  • Quiet, withdrawn and reclusive
  • Prefer detail- and task-oriented groups, they like perception and judgments of concepts
  • Silent followers
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6
Q

Does personality determine how well one fit in a group?

A
  • Yes to a degree
  • Five factor model influences the types of groups
  • Different groups seeks different type of members
  • Close fit between individual personality traits and purpose, more likely to join
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7
Q

Are there traits that push people away from groups?

A
  • Yes there are
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8
Q

Shyness

A

The tendency to feel uneasy, uncomfortable and awkward in social situations or anticipation of them
- Tend to not join groups as much
- Groups are not fun
- Coping strategies, such as social surrogate or seek other shy people
- Activity focused groups are best

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9
Q

Social anxiety

A

A feeling of apprehension and embarrassment during interactions or anticipation of social situations
- Wanting to make a good impression
- Passive group members
- Disaffiliation, reducing social contact
- Wish they were alone when they are with others
- Feeling very self-conscious and negative emotions when in groups

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10
Q

Social anxiety disorder / Social phobia

A

An excessive and unreasonable fear of social interactions, a pattern and hard to relieve
- Avoid social interactions, running away

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11
Q

Attachment style

A

Ones basic cognitive, emotional and behavioural orientation when in relationship with others
- The base of attachment theory
- From childhood to adult
- Group-level attachments are the same as normal but indicates how the individuals attachment to the others in a group is
Secure - self confident and willing to rely on others
Preoccupied - seek out membership but worry a lot about rejection
Fearful - insecure about themselves that they fear rejection
Dismissing - uninterested to join groups
- The levels of anxiety of relations and avoidance of closeness and dependency, predicts how well one adapt to new living situations

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12
Q

Social motives

A

Psychological processes that guide peoples choices and goals they seek, to join or not to join groups

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13
Q

Social motives - Need for affiliation

A
  • Desire to be with others
  • Pleasant interactions make them happy
  • Prefer groups even if focus is more on task than interpersonal relations
  • Could fear rejection, seeking approval from others
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14
Q

Social motives - Need for intimacy

A
  • Desire to be with others
  • Interpersonrelationship
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15
Q

Social Motives - Need for power

A
  • To maintain and enhance influence over others, to gain control
  • Leaderships
  • Organize, initiate activities and take on responsibilities in order to persuade other group members
  • Groups bigger than 4
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16
Q

Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation

A

A theory of group formation and development that emphasizes compatibility among the three motives
- Assumes that people join or stay in groups cuz the group meet one or more of these needs

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17
Q

Are there difference between men and women in groups? If so, in what ways?

A
  • Gender predispositions generates differences
  • Women intimate relations
  • Men more task-oriented and need for power and influence
  • Stereotypes and cultural roles can influence
  • Sexism can exclude people from joining
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18
Q

How does belief about groups influence one to join?

A
  • Not everyone wanna join
  • Negative beliefs of groups can lead to not joining groups or participate less when in one
  • Cultural beliefs can influence you
19
Q

BAG-scale

A

Measure peoples preferences to participate in groups, expectations on peoples work in groups and predictions of the positive and negative effect groups will have on its performance

20
Q

Does experiences in groups affect you?

A
  • Yes, good or bad
  • Interest to join groups in the future
  • Bad grades or viewing your parents
21
Q

Collaborative circle

A

Small group of peers who work together for an extended time period, exchanging ides, critique and developing a shared conception of what their methods or goals should be

22
Q

Social movement

A

A deliberate, sustained and organized group who seeks change or resists one in a social system
- Common interest or out look on social matters
- Strong emotions and sense of injustice to join
- Contempt and anger to act

23
Q

Affiliation

A

The gathering together of individuals, often the same species, in one location
Formalized relationships
Affiliated with a group or organization
- More likely to happen in some situations than others

24
Q

Whats social comparison?

A

The process of contrasting ones personal qualities and outcomes, including beliefs, attitudes, values, abilities, accomplishments and experiences, to those of others
- Can give comfort and companionship during difficult times
- Starts with confusing situations, need information - that impact on ones self-satisfactions and motivations
- People compare for alot of reasons; to help others or to boost ones confidence

25
Q

Misery loves company

A
  • People choose to be with others to gain information and to allay their anxiety
26
Q

Misery loves miserable company

A
  • People seek out others who is or has faced the same threat as themselves
  • Need for clarifying information than sharing the experience
27
Q

Embarrassed misery avoids company

A
  • Fear of getting embarrassed stronger than to gain information
  • Social inhabitation than affiliation
  • Some situations can block affiliation without being dangerous, such as certain topics
28
Q

Downward social comparison

A

Selecting people who are less well off as target for social comparison, often when self-esteem is on the line

29
Q

Upward social comparison

A

Selection people who are superior to oneself or those whose outcomes succeeded oneself
- Negative emotions mostly

30
Q

Social comparison orientation

A

The dispositional tendency to compare oneself to others

31
Q

How does stress affect affiliation?

A
  • Safety in numbers; fight, flight, tending or befriending
  • People seek others to get support or to feel better
32
Q

How does affiliation effect social support?

A

Mostly positive, but some groups can give negative social support
- Belonging: include and acceptance
- Emotional: care, concern and affection for one another
- Informational: offering advice, guidance or suggestions
- Instrumental: tangible support
- Meaning: existential support, sharing faith or allaying anxiety

33
Q

Social support group

A
  • A sense of belonging
  • Help each other out in different ways
  • Provide different perspectives to members in distress
34
Q

Does affiliation have a correlation with health?

A

Yes it does
- Safe haven from stress
- Less stress and issues with health
- Protective buffers against negative effects

35
Q

Why is attraction needed for groups?

A
  • Affiliation set the stage
  • Attraction transform people into friends
  • 6 different principles of attraction
36
Q

Proximity principle

A

The tendency for individuals to form interpersonal relationships with those who are close by
- Mere exposure
- Proximity increases interactions which gives attraction, especially repeated attractions

37
Q

The elaboration principle

A

The tendency for groups to expand in size and thus getting more complex
- Starts from two people and expand over time
- Self-organizing process

38
Q

The similarity principle

A

The tendency for individuals to seek out or be attracted to someone similar to oneself
- Homogenous groups
- The first one to leave tends to be someone who isnt similar enough to the rest
- Homophily can be created in order to be accepted

39
Q

The complementarity principle

A

People are attracted to those who posses characteristics that complement their own
- Difference set of skills

40
Q

Interchange compatability

A
  • Compatibility between group members based on their similar needs for social motives or expectations
41
Q

Originator compatability

A
  • People who have needs to express inclusion, control and affection with those who wanna receive it
42
Q

The reciprocity principle

A

The tendency for liking to be met with liking in return
- You like me so I like you
- Negative reciprocity exists

43
Q

The minmax principle / Social exchange theory

A
  • Important factor in predicting group formation
  • Receive the maximum amount of rewards at the lowest costs
  • Who stays and who leaves
  • Cost and rewards come from the group and/or the members
44
Q

How does economics of membership play out in social exchange theory?

A
  • Determining whether someone join or not, choosing one group over the other
    Comparison level
  • The standard by which individuals evaluate the desirability of group membership
  • Previous experiences
  • Predicts satisfaction in groups
    Comparison level for alternatives
  • Evaluate the quality of other groups they may join
  • Determine whether one join or leaves a group, largely

Grouppsychology (6 decks)

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