Conflict Flashcards
What are conflicts?
- Disagreements or friction, disruption of routines in the group
- Hard to avoid
- Normal and not always dramatic
What are the roots for conflicts?
- There are alot of reasons for conflicts
- Humans are selfish
- We treat others if we like them
- Gender stereotypes
- High stakes places (competition vs cooperation)
Cooperation
- The success of one member is the succession for the group, or increase it
Competitive
- Success depends on performing better than others
Competition vs Cooperation
- Competition can be positive, athletes
- Cooperation + Teamwork leads to competition
Rivalry, Outperform, Greediness, Fear - Trigger different motivational systems
What are mixed motive situations?
- Situations that involve both cooperation and competetivenes
- The Prisoners Dilemma
- Norms of reciprocity, negative stronger than positive, especially when deliberate
Behavioural assimilation
The eventual matching of the behaviours displayed by cooperating or competing in groups
What is the social value orientation?
The dispositional tendency to respond to conflict settings in a prosocial or proself way
- 4 distinct orientations
Individualists
- Proself
- Dont interfere nor help others
- Harsh style but can adapt
Cooperators
- Prosocial and proself
- Win-win situation
- Cooperate if others do
Competitiors
- Harsh style
- Win-Loose situations
- Unconcerned with criticism or maintaining relations
- Harsh style
Altruists
- Prosocial
- Help those in need
Social dilemma
Choosing between maximizing my outcome or others
The tragedies of the commons
- I use too much of my resources, collapsing the society
- Second chance increase cooperation
- Normative standards in the group
Public goods dilemma
Members are expected to contribute but doesnt, cant get excluded though
- Free loaders
- Too high standard can cause conflicts too
Fairness dilemmas
- How far a decision is based on my perception
- Common distributive norms
Equity - the more you do the more you get
Power - the one in power gets more
Equality - everyone gets equal
Need - those in need gets more
Responsibility Norms
- Who to blame or credit once the work is done
- More aware of our contributions
- Self-serving attributes results in conflict and loss of cohesion
Egocentrism
Giving yourself more credit than is warranted, a bias
Conflict over power
- Power struggles in groups
- Business and corporate settings
- Manipulation and disagreements
Task conflict
- Relevant to goals and procedures (ideas or opinions)
- Happens often
Process Conflicts
- The methods used to complete the tasks
- How roles got allocated
Relationship conflict
- Interpersonal discord that occurs when group members dislike one another
- Intragroup vs intergroup conflicts
- 40 % of the conflicts
- We dont like to be critiqued
Uncertainty to Commitment
- Gets more committed to your opinion as the conflict escalates
- Belief perseverance
- Conformation bias
- Reactance
Perception to Misperception
Misperception to Understanding
- Individuals perception of the situation and the people in it
- Attitudes, views, actions, opinions etc
- Fundamental attributions error
- Loss of trust in each other
- Assumptions instead of asking
- Leads to competition
- Takes critic personally
Actively communicating ones goals and opinions through discussions
Soft tactics to Hard tactics
- Tactics are the ways people influence each other to go for their opinions
- Softer tactics in the beginning, shifts to harsher one as it escalates
- Hard tactics trigger reactance, resilience and negative emotions
- People got different capacities to use harder tactics
Reciprocity to Retaliation
Retaliation to Forgiveness
- Sustained by norms of reciprocity
- Rough reciprocity; overmatching and undermatching
- Justified for oneself
- Tit for tat, reciprocal process
- Begins with cooperation
- Forgiveness, revenge is risky
Irritation to Anger
Anger to Composure
- Emotions take over as conflicts escalates
- Negative emotions ignites conflicts
- Anger have some benefits but usually not the case
- Encourage to regain control
- Norms in the group
- Apologies
Few to Many
Many to Few
- Persuade others to join my side
- The get the most power
- A coalition, us vs them
- Use of mediator
- Increase communication
- Lets both sides express their sides
- Clarify ambiguities
- Offer guidance
