Form and Function Flashcards
What is Form?
The shape, look, and structure of a word, phrase, etc…
What is Formal Analysis?
Looking at the Form of something.
What are Functions?
Actions that phrases and clauses can perform in larger structures which contain them.
What is the Subject?
The element which performs the “action” denoted by the verb.
What is the Predicate?
The element which is the “action” performed by the Subject.
What is Subject-Verb Inversion?
A sentence type where the Subject comes before the Verb.
What is Position of the Subject?
The position of the Subject in a sentence; it is usually the first constituent in a Declarative Sentence.
What is Subject-Verb Agreement or Concord?
The relation to number agreement (singular or plural) between the Subject and the Verb which follows it.
What is Notional Agreement?
An instance where the Form of the Verb is not determined by the Form of the Subject.
What are Subjective Pronouns?
Pronouns (such as “you”) that can also be Subjects.
What are Subject Clauses?
Sentences where Clauses function as the Subject.
What are the major types of Subject Clauses?
That-clause, Nominal Relative clause, To-infinitive clause, -ing clause.
What is the Predicate of a Sentence?
Everything that isn’t a part of the Subject.
What is a Predicator?
Something whose function is to Predicate or state something.
What is a Direct Object?
Something that is affected by the Subject. They generally come after the verb.
What is an Indirect Object?
An Object that usually occurs with the Direct Object, and it will always come before the Direct Object.
What are Ditransitive Verbs?
Verbs which take an Indirect Object and a Direct Object.
What are Monotransitive Verbs?
Verbs which only take a Direct Object.
What is the most common Realizer of an Indirect Object.
The Noun Phrase.
What else can function as Indirect Object?
A Clause.
What are Adjuncts?
Optional elements that may convey information about how, when, or where something happened.
What do Noun Phrase Adjuncts refer to?
NPs as Adjuncts generally refer to time.
What do Prepositional Phrase Adjuncts refer to?
PPs as Adjuncts generally refer to time or to place – they tell us when or where something happens.
Where do Adjuncts usually appear in a sentence?
Usually in the beginning or at the end.
