forgetting Flashcards
what is proactive interference
involves old information interfering with new information
what is retroactive interference
involves new information interfering with remembering old information
who researched retrieval failure
Tulving
why do we forget
due to insufficient cues
what happens when cues are not present
we find it difficult to retrieve the memory
what is the encoding specificity principle
the greater the similarity between the encoding event and the retrieval event, the greater the likelihood of recalling the original memory
what are the different cues (2)
external environmental cues- context dependent
internal cues- state dependent
what happens when we store a new memory
we also store information that occurred around it (cues)
what was the Godden and Baddeley study (1975)
a study where deep sea divers learned a list of words underwater/ on land to recall underwater/ on land
what were the four conditions in Godden and Baddeley (1975)
1) learn on land, recall on land
2) learn on land, recall underwater
3) learn underwater, recall on land
4) learn underwater, recall underwater
what were the findings in Godden and Baddeley (1975)
in two conditions the environmental contexts of learning and recall matched, whereas in the other two they did not where accuracy was 40% lower
what was Carter and Cassidy (1998)
looking at the effect of antihistamines, they gave the participants a mild sedative to make them feel slightly drowsy creating a state different from the normal state of being awake and alert, they had to learn a list of words and passage of prose
what were the findings of Carter and Cassidy
in conditions were the conditions between learning and recalling were different, recall was significantly worse- when there aren’t the same cues forgetting is more likely
