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Psych In Context > Forensic psych > Flashcards

Forensic psych Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of forensic psychologists work in:

  • prisons
  • NHS
  • Uni
A

Prisons - 40%
NHS- 22%
Uni- 12%

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2
Q

Define forensic psychology

A

Psychology applied to the courts, applied within the criminal and justice system

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3
Q

What is the DFP and what year was it founded?

A

Division of Forensic Psychology 1999

Previously ‘Criminological and legal psychology’

• Aim is the setting of requirements for chartered forensic psychologists status

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4
Q

What do forensic psychologists do?

[5]

A
  • deliver programmes
  • evaluation + research
  • court work
  • crime analysis
  • hostage negotiation
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5
Q

What are the statistics found by Davies + Beech 2012 on:

  1. Incarcerated people with mental health problems
  2. Prisoners incarcerated for drug-related offences
  3. Men outnumbering women in all major crime categories
A
  1. 70%
  2. 30%
  3. 85-95%
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6
Q

What are the statistics for women in prison with:

  1. 2 or more health problems
  2. Reports of intimate partner abuse
  3. Have children
A
  1. 70%
  2. > 50%
  3. 2/3
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7
Q

Who are the 4 most famous profilers?

A

David Canter

Adrian West

Julian Boon

Paul Britton

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8
Q

The Rachel Nickel case - Britton 1992

A
  • assaulted and stabbed to death in front of 2 year old son

* the policewomen had encouraged mr. Stagg to swap violent fantasies in an effort to get him to confess the crime

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9
Q

What are the 3 schools of thought in profiling

A
  1. FBI approach: Criminal Investigation Approach
  2. Clinical practitioner approach
  3. Statistical approach
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10
Q

Define organised and disorganised crime

A

Organised= premeditated and carefully planned so little evidence is found at crime scene. They are antisocial but have a sense of morality. Are no insane and show no remorse

Disorganised= not planned, criminals leave evidence. These criminals may be young, under the influence or mentally ill

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11
Q

Identify and define the 4 factors involved in the FBI approach

• Analysing a serial killer

A
  • Antecedent: what fantasy/plan did the murderer have in place before the act? What triggered the murderer to act in the ways they did?
  • Method and manner: what type of victim/s did the murderer select? What was the method and manner of the murder?
  • Body disposal: did the murderer and body disposal take place all the scene or multiple scenes
  • Post-offence bhvr: is the murderer trying to inject himself into the investigation by reacting to media reports or contacting investigators?
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12
Q

Define the clinical approach and a researcher affiliated with it

A

Uses personality theory to make predictions about the offenders characteristics

E.g. Boom 1997

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13
Q

Define the statistical approach and a researcher affiliated with it

A

Makes predictions about offenders’ characteristics by looking at their bhvrs

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14
Q

Who is regarded as being the father of criminology

A

Cesare Lombroso

  • argued that the criminal is a separate species of genetic difference
  • atavistic throwbacks to primitive people
  • physically distinct features
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15
Q

According to Lombroso’s atavistic form, what physical features do:

Murderers and sex offenders have ?

A

Murderers = cold, glassy blood shot eyes, curly abundant hair, strong jaw, long ears , thin lips

Sex offenders = glinting eyes, thick lips, projecting ears

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16
Q

What was Rowe’s 1990 evaluation of Lombroso’s theory?

A

“No responsible geneticist would argue that a specific gene exists for crime”

17
Q

Define the ‘Just world hypothesis’ presented by Lerner + Simmons 1966-2004

A

Individuals have a need to believe that they live in a world where people generally get what they deserve and deserve what they get

18
Q

Define Furnham’s 2005 idea of victim derogation

A

In order to protect or view that the world is a safe place, we need to consider that the victim is in some way different to us

19
Q

Which researchers said “An EWT can be 100% confident and still be 100% wrong”

A

Cutler and Penrod

20
Q

What is the statistic found by Scheck, Newfield and Dewyer 2000 on DNA Exonerations

  • the American Innocence Project
A

75% involved in misidentification

  • the AIP secured the release of 183 prisoners
21
Q

Outline the:

Scene of the crime
Prosecution evidence
Conclusion

Of the Herman Atkins 1988 case

A

[convicted in 1988 for robbery and rape, was sentenced to 45 years ]

Scene of crime: victim was at work in store and was robbed and raped at gunpoint, clothing was sent for analysis and whilst at police station a ‘wanted’ poster was there, Atkins was identified as the attacker

Prosecution evidence: clothes analysis based on the blood type mistakenly concluded that Atkins was in a population of 4.4% that could have committed the crime.

Conclusion: Atkins was imprisoned for 12 years, the American Innocence Programme in 1999 requested the victims clothes to be sent for testing. DNA test found the semen did not belong to Atkins

22
Q

What did Bartlett 1932 say about memory?

A

If asked to remember and retell a story we try to make sense of it

“Who we are determines how we remember”

23
Q

What are the 4 factors that influence reliability as proposed by Kapardis 2003

A
  1. Event characteristics
  2. Witness characteristics
  3. Perpetrator variables
  4. Interrogational variables
24
Q

What are event characteristics

Kapardis 2003

A
  • passage of time
  • frequency
  • duration
  • illumination
  • stress
  • weapons focus
  • flashbulb memory
25
Q

What did Van Koppen + Lochen say about the duration of time and accuracy of recall?

A

The more time a witness has to view a crime, the more likely they will be correct

26
Q

Name the researchers for:

‘Yerkes-Dodson Law’
‘Weapons focus’
‘Flashbulb memory’

A

Deffenbacher’s ‘Yerkes-Dodson Law’

Loftus et al’s ‘Weapons focus’

Neisser + Harsch’s ‘Flashbulb memory’

27
Q

What are witness characteristics

A
  • personality factors
  • mood/ emotion
  • drugs
  • age
  • gender
  • stereotypes
  • confidence
28
Q

What are perpetrator variables ?

Include researchers

A

• Race = Bothwell, Brigham + Pigot “ we are better at identifying people from our own race than from another”

Thomson found a high rate of false identification in cross racial cases

29
Q

What are the 3 types of interrogational variables?

A
  1. Post even information
  2. Source monitoring
  3. Unconscious transference
30
Q

What was the study done on unconscious transference by Memon + Wright 1999 about ?

A

Witness description by truck rental man led to McVeights arrest

BUT
The witness described the second man with McVeigh = unconscious transference because the man had been in the shop, but not with McVeigh and was not involved in the Oklahoma bombing

Psych In Context (9 decks)

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