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Psychology Aaaaah > Forensic Psych > Flashcards

Forensic Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

What is restorative justice

A

A system for dealing w offending behav which focuses on rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims

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2
Q

Key features of RJ

A

Trained mediator
Non courtroom setting
Face to face meeting
Victim confront offender and explain impact
Active involvement whenever possible

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3
Q

Sentencing and RJ

A

Acts as an incentive to reduce sentence length

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4
Q

Restitution

A

Financial - money towards psych damage or physical damage
Practical- repair it themselves
Emotional- support in healing process

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5
Q

Anger management

A

A programme that involves identifying signs that trigger anger as well as learning techniques to calm themselves down

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6
Q

Anger management stages

A

Cognitive prep
Skill acquisition
Application practice

Calm People Should Always Avoid Angry People

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7
Q

Stage 1 AM

A

Requires offenders to reflect on past experience and identify triggers
Therapist points out irrational thought

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8
Q

Stage 2 - AM

A

Skill acquisition
Positive self talk
How to communicate more effectively
Methods of relaxation

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9
Q

Stage 3 - AM

A

Application practice
Offenders practice new skills within controlled environment re-enacting scenarios

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10
Q

AM and young offenders (Keen et al)

A

Offenders between 17-21
Findings = increased awareness and increased capacity to self control

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11
Q

Behavioural modification

A

Treatment using operant conditioning
Replace undesirable behav w more desirable using token economy (positive economy)

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12
Q

Token economy system

A

Desirable behaviour eg avoiding confrontation is reward with token - secondary reinforcers
Positive reinforcers = privilege eg extra exercise time

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13
Q

Designing TES

A

Operationalised behaviour- specific criteria eg speaking politely
Scoring system - worth of specific behav
Token:punish 4:1
Train staff to standardise procedure and record

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14
Q

Custodial sentencing

A

A decision made by court that punishment of crime should involve time in prison

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15
Q

Aims of CS

A

Deterrence
Incapacitation
Retribution
Rehabilitation

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16
Q

Deterrence CS

A

Unpleasant prison is designed to put off from engaging in offending behav
General= broad message no tolerate
Individual= prevent themselves from repeat
Vicarious punishment

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17
Q

Incapacitation CS

A

Offender is taken out of society to prevent reoffending- protect public

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18
Q

Retribution

A

Society is revenging the offence by making offender suffer

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19
Q

Rehabilitating

A

Reform- prison should provide opportunities as well as criminal reflect on offence

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20
Q

Effects of custodial sentencing

A

Stress - suicide and self harm highest in prison than anywhere else risk of trigger psych disorder
Institutionalisation- inmates adapt to norms of prison cannot function on outside
Prisonisation - inmate code not suitable for outside world

21
Q

Psychodynamic explanation to offending

A

Weak superego - if parent is absent in phallic stage cannot internalise and no identification
Deviant superego - superego of a child internalise criminal parent
Overharsh superego- firm parent superego is crippled by guilt superego crimes for need of punishment

22
Q

Maternal deprivation

A

Failure to establish a relationship in first few years a child is likely to experience damaging consequences
44 thieves 14 affectionless psychopaths 12/14 maternal deprivation

23
Q

Differential association theory

A

Explanation of offending which proposes that through interaction of others
Learn values and techniques for offending behaviour
Frequency + intensity+ duration = likelihood of offending

24
Q

Learning attitudes DAT

A

Exposed to values and attitudes towards the law when socialising in group
If number of pro criminal attitudes outweighs then they will offend

25
Q

Learning techniques DAT

A

Offender exposed to offending techniques eg how to pick a lock

26
Q

Reoffending DAT

A

Whilst in prison inmates learn techniques from one another - observational learning or even tuition

27
Q

Level of moral reasoning

A

The higher the level the more that behaviour is driven by a sense of what is right and lower level is driven by just avoiding punishment

28
Q

Kohlbergs three levels

A

Pre conventional morality
Conventional morality
Post conventional morality

29
Q

Pre conventional morality

A

Stage 1 = rules are obeyed to avoid punishment
Stage 2= rules obeyed for personal gain

30
Q

Conventional morality

A

Stage 4= rules obeyed for approval
Stage 5= rules obeyed to maintain social order

31
Q

Postconventional morality

A

Stage 5 = rules are challenged if infringe on rights of others
Stage 6= personal set of ethical principles

32
Q

Cognitive distortions

A

Faulty and irrational way of thinking that mean we perceive the world inaccurately- negatively

33
Q

Hostile attribution bias (cog dis)

A

Those who are violent are more likely to misinterpret actions of others seeing them as confrontational
55 violent criminals shown images of expressions violent offenders more perecieve as angry and hostile

34
Q

Minimisation

A

Downplaying significance of an event
54% deny rape 40% minimised harm
35% kiddy fiddlers non sexual 36% consensual

35
Q

Eysenks theory of criminal personality

A

An individual who scores high on extraversion neuroticism and psychotic idm and cannot be conditioned

36
Q

Biological basis of criminal personality EPQ

A

All traits origin come through in our biology - nervous system
Extraverts =underactive nervous system seek excitement
Neurotic= high activity in sympathetic system - difficult to predict
Psychotic= higher levels of testosterone prone to aggression

37
Q

Socialisation criminal personality

A

Offenders = immature instant gratification
Difficult to condition so less likely to learn anxiety response so become antisocial in presenting situations

38
Q

EPQ

A

A test for e and n to determine personality type
Prisoners scored higher on scale

39
Q

Genetic explanation of offending

A

Twin studies - 35% of mz twins 13% dz twins
Biological criminal mother 50% chance of criminal record by 18
MAOA gene build up of serotonin and linked to aggressive behav
CDH13 gene attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

40
Q

Neural explanations for offending

A

Antisocial personality disorder studies
Pre frontal cortex regulates emotions
11% reduction in psychos
Mirror neurons “feel their pain” when ask neurons trigger - APD have neural switch turned on and off in comparison to always on

41
Q

Atavistic form

A

Lack evolutionary development primitive species ill suited to conforming to modern society

Narrow sloping brow, Strong jaw
Facial asymmetry ,Dark skin
Insensitive to pain and use slang

42
Q

Lombrosos resarch

A

40% of criminal acts committed by people w atavistic characteristics

43
Q

Offender types

A

Murderers - blood shot eyes and curly hair
Sexual deviants - glinting eyes fleshy lips projecting ears
Fraudsters- reedy lips

44
Q

Bottom up approach

A

Profilers work up from evidence to develop hypothesis about offender

45
Q

Investigative psychology

A

Matching details from the crime scene with statistical analysis of typical offender behaviour patterns
Interpersonal coherence- the way an offender behaves and interacts w victim
Time and place
Forensic awareness repeat offenders covering tracks

46
Q

Geographical profiling

A

Based on spatial consistency operational base and future offences
Canters circle theory - offending circle around home
Marauder = close proximity
Commuter = travel fair distance
Figure out mental maps transport age employment etc

47
Q

Top down approach

A

Profilers start w pre established type and work down to lower levels and details based on evidence from scene and witnesses

48
Q

Types of offender

A

Organised - planned crime high degree of control during crime little clues intelligent and competent
Disorganised - spur of the moment body at scene very little control low iq sexually dysfunctional live alone

49
Q

Constructing fbi profile

A

Data assimilation - evidence
Crime scene classification- organ/disor
Crime reconstruction- hypothesis events
Profile generation - likely offender profile eg background etc

Psychology Aaaaah (23 decks)

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