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Toxicology Final > Forensic Aspects of Drug Abuse 1 > Flashcards

Forensic Aspects of Drug Abuse 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cocaine is classified as a powerful ______

A

CNS stimulant

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2
Q

What is cocaine a natural alkaloid of

A

erythroxylon coca

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3
Q

What is crack?

A
  • street form of cocaine - a free base form

- crack gets its name from the sound it makes when smoked (crack has a lower melting point so you can actually smoke it)

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4
Q

_____ is high quality crack

A

crystal

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5
Q

What are the methods of ingestion of cocaine?

A
  • IV
  • smoking
  • snorting
  • oral
  • topical
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6
Q

What are the desired effects of cocaine?

A
  • intense euphoria
  • decreased anxiety
  • decreased social inhibitions
  • increased alternates
  • increased performance
  • increased self confidence
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7
Q

What is the duration of cocaine?

A
  • smoking: 20 minutes
  • oral: 60 minutes
  • snorting: 90 minutes
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8
Q

What are some of the physical SE associated with cocaine?

A
  • increased bp
  • increased body temp
  • dilated pupils
  • sensitivity to light
  • rapid speech
  • n/v
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9
Q

At higher doses and with chronic use, cocaine does what

A
  • dysphoria
  • fatigue
  • confusion
  • disoriented behaviour
  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • irritability
  • fear and paranoia
  • antisocial behaviour
  • aggressiveness
  • itching/picking skin
  • psychosis
  • problems concentrating
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10
Q

What are the 3 phases of cocaine withdrawal?

A
  1. The crash phase
    - agitation
    - depression and irritability
    - intense cocaine craving
    - fatigue
  2. The withdrawal phase
    - increased anxiety
    - lack of energy
    - variable cravings
    - angry outbursts
  3. Extinction phase
    - episodic cravings for the drug
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11
Q

What is cocaine induced excited delirium associated with?

A
  • dissociative state
  • violence
  • exaggerated strength
  • increased body temp
  • cardio-resp arrest
  • rhabdomyolysis
  • sudden death
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12
Q

Meth is a powerful and addictive _________

A

CNS stimulant

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13
Q

________ derivative

A

amphetamine

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14
Q

What are 2 of the main precursors of methamphetamine?

A
  • pseudoephedrine

- ephedrine

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15
Q

What are the 3 methods of meth production?

A
  • P2P method
  • ephedrine or pseudoephedrine reduction
  • nazi (or birch) method
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16
Q

What are the methods of meth ingestion?

A
  • smoked, snorted, injected or swallowed
17
Q

What is the desired effects of meth?

A
  • euphoria
  • increased alertness and mental clarity
  • increased sense of well being
  • increased energy and confidence
18
Q

What is the onset of meth?

A
  • within seconds if smoked or injected
19
Q

What is duration of action of meth?

A
  • 4-12 hours
20
Q

What are the physical effects associated with meth?

A
  • tremors
  • insomnia
  • mental confusion
  • irritability
  • aggression
  • hyperthermia
21
Q

What happens once effects of meth subside?

A
  • extreme fatigue leading to prolonged and disturbed sleep - which can lead to depression
22
Q

Does meth have both psychological and physiological dependence?

A

YES

23
Q

What isomer of meth is more addictive and more toxic (more active)

A

d isomer

24
Q

What is MDMA classified as?

A
  • hallucinogenic amine
25
Q

What was MDMA first used for?

A
  • appetite suppressant

- adjunct to psychotherapy

26
Q

What is the street name of MDMA?

A
  • ecstasy

- E

27
Q

What is the desired effects of MDMA?

A
  • euphoria
  • increased sense of well being
  • increased energy and self confidence
  • intensification of feelings
  • overwhelming desire to communicate
  • profound empathy
28
Q

What is the onset of action of MDMA?

A
  • 30-45 minutes
29
Q

What is the duration of action of MDMA?

A
  • 4-6 hours
30
Q

What are the other physical sx of MDMA?

A
  • feelings of panic
  • depression
  • mental confusion
  • anxiety
31
Q

Does MDMA cause psychological and physical dependence?

A
  • psychological: yes

physical: NO

32
Q

What are the SE associated with MDMA overdose?

A
  • convulsions
  • hyperthermia
  • behavioural changes
  • rhabdomyolysis
  • intravascular coagulation
  • acute renal failure
33
Q

What are the effects of toxicity of MDMA?

A
  • increased HR
  • sweating
  • muscle tension and cramping
  • dry mouth
  • teeth grinding
  • blurred vision
  • nausea and dizziness

Toxicology Final (14 decks)

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