Foreign relations and attitudes of foreign powers Flashcards
foreign intervention in the Civil War; Comintern; the Russo-Polish War; discussions leading to the Rapallo Treaty; official recognition and the repercussions of the 'Zinoviev letter'; Lenin's rule by 1924
Why did foreign armies participate in the civil war
Before November 1918 - wanted to defeat the Bolsheviks to get Russia back into WW1 to prevent a transfer of troops to the Western front
After 1918 - protecting munitions dumps in Russia, wanted to get rid of communism
How much money did the British give to the White armies
£100 million
Where were the British armies locates
Murmansk and Archangel’sk and the Baltic Sea
Why were the French especially against the Bolsheviks
They had nationalised foreign industries in France without compensation
Why was the French intervention not successful
The troops mutinies in the Black Sea
Why was Japan involved in the Civil War
saw it as an opportunity to gain territory in the East
Where were the Japanese troops base
Vladivostok
Were foreign armies of intervention helpful to the Civil War
No
Intervention was ineffective and unenthusiastic with armies rarely taking part in direct military action
What was Comintern
The third communist international
International socialist organisation to spread revolution and promote marxism
When and where was the first Comintern
Moscow 1919
why was the first Comintern hopeful
drew in 50 delegates from around the world
Hungary and Bavaria had set up soviet style republics so hope were high for spreading revolution
When was the second Comintern
July-August 1920
What happened at the second Comintern
Lenin released his “21 conditions” which laid out the relationship between socialist and communist parties which caused many European delegates to leave
What event happened during the second Comintern which dashed the hoped of spreading revolution
The miracle on the Vistula where Russia was defeated in the Russo-Polish war
When was the third Comintern
June-July 1921
Why was the third Comintern a failure
Hugarian and other soviet style governments had been crushed and replaced
Germany had established the capitalist Weimar republic
Comintern had become Russian-dominated
When did the Russo-Polish war begin
February 1919
When did the Polish offensive begin and why
April 1920
As the Polish allied with the Ukrainians
Why was there a Russo-Polish war
The allies were committed to making an independent Poland in reparations for WW1 but Russia was not present at peace discussions and the new Poland had tsarist territories so defining borders was difficult
Stopping separatism and independence was a key part of the Bolshevik government
Bolsheviks saw Poland as a gateway to spreading revolution to the West
When was Kiev captured by the Polish
May 1920
Where did the Red counter-offensive push the Polish back to
Warsaw
When and what was the Miracle on the Vistula
August 1920
desperate defence of Warsaw which was successful and led to a stalemate and the treaty of Riga
What confirmed the peace between Russia and Poland and when was it
The Treaty of Riga March 1921
Who was the Polish head of State and what did he do
General Pilsudski
Launched April 1920 offensive
Mounted defence of Warsaw August 1920
Why were Germany and Russia diplomatically isolated
had been excluded from the league of Nations
when was the trade agreement between Russia and Britain
1920
When was the Anglo-soviet agreement and what did it do
1921
ensured that Britain and Russia could not used propaganda against each other
What discussion led to the Treaty of Rapallo
Chicherin (German deputy commissar for foreign affairs)
held discussion with Germany and was invited to an international economic conference in Genoa
When was the Treaty of Rapallo
April 1922
What were the terms of the Treaty of Rapallo
Between Germany and Russia
Mutual goodwill on economic and commercial relations
Waived compensations from WW1
Reopened diplomatic relations
What was the Zinoviev letter
Fake letter made by right wing British agent trying to influence British opinion of the labour party
When was the Zinoviev letter
1924
What was the impact of the Zinoviev letter
effected diplomatic relations between Britain and Russia
