Economic developments 1924-1929 Flashcards
reasons for and impact of the 'Great Turn'; the economic shift; the launch of the first Five Year Plan and the decision to collectivise
What was the main aim of the great turn
to industrialise and modernise the USSR as quickly as possible
what were the 4 driving factors behind the great turn
self-sufficiency
increase grain supply
socialise society
failure of the NEP
in 1928 how much of the population of the USSR were workers
20%
How much was grain procurement down during the procurement crisis of Winter 1927-1928
down 25% on the previous years goal
how much grain was exported in 1913 and at the peak of the NEP
1913 12 million tonnes
NEP never exceeded 3 million tonnes
how much lower were exports in 1926-1927 compared to 1913
Exports 33% of 1913 levels
Imports 37% of 1913 levels
When was the great turn announced and how
15th party congress
December 1927
end of NEP and 1st FYP announced with rapid industrialisation and high targets collectivisation of agriculture
When was the first five year plan launched
1928
what did the first FYP bring
Ambitious targets for industrial output
maximised central planning
FYP aim for overall production
boost overall production by 300%
FYP aim for electricity
produce 6x more power
FYP aim for light industry
low priority but still expected to double output
what was the announcement of the FYP accompanied by
A propaganda campaign
lots of war imagery e.g. socialist offensive
why did the FYP have ambitious targets
to force managers and workers to dedicate maximum effort
FYP main focuses
Heavy industry main focus
transportation (especially railways)
electricity
infrastructure for electricity and railways
new industrial complexes
Factors behind the decision to collectivise
Grain procurement crisis winter 1927-1928
the need to increase food supplies to support the growing workforce needed for the FYPs
ideology (state owned means of production and destruction of class)
success of Ural-Siberian method
What was the Ural-Siberian method
Stalin sent officials into the Ural and Siberia to forcibly seize grain and shut down free markets
why did Stalin attempt the Ural-Siberian method
1928 harvest was high in the Urals and in Siberia but procurement was down 1/3 on the previous year
why did the drive for collectivisation gain momentum
Bukharin’s position was weakening
October 1928 Bukharinists lost their majority in the Moscow party
What did Stalin announce in December 1929
Readiness to impose forced collectivisation without any restraint
Wanted to smash kulaks as a class
