Forces That Shaped The Earth

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

Force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume; adds potential, or stored energy, to rock until it changes shape or breaks

Question 2

3 different kinds of stress can occur in the crust:

Answer 2

• Tension
• Compression
• Shearing

Question 3

Tension-

Answer 3

Pulls on the crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle.

Question 4

Compression-

Answer 4

Squeezes rock until il folds or breaks

Question 5

Shearing-

Answer 5

pushes a mass of rock in 2 different directions

Question 6

Strain-

Answer 6

A change in the shape of a rock caused by stress. 2 types

Elastic and plastic

Question 7

Elastic strain-

Answer 7

Change in rock that is NOT permanent. When stress is removed rock goes back into original shape

Question 8

Plastic strain-

Answer 8

Creates a permanent change in the shape of a rock; usually occurs when rocks are weak or hot

Question 9

Landforms created by compression:

Answer 9

Mountain ranges- collision between 2 continental plates

Ocean trenches- one plate goes under another during collision forming a deep trench

Question 10

Landforms created by tension:

Answer 10

Mid ocean ridges-tension causes oceanic rifts to spread allowing hot rock from the mountain to rise creating high ridges

Continental rifts-when divergent boundaries occur within a continent, they cause enormous splits in the crust

Question 11

Landforms created by shearing:

Answer 11

Transform faults-

Fault zones-

Question 12

Volcanic arcs-

Answer 12

Curved line of volcanoes that forms parallel to plate boundaries