Chapter 6 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Earthquake

A

Vibrations in the ground that result from movement along faults or breaks in earth’s lithosphere

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2
Q

Fault

A

A break in earth’s lithosphere

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3
Q

3 types of faults

A

Normal fault
Strike slip fault
Reverse fault

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4
Q

Normal fault

A

Forms when forces pull rocks along a divergent plate boundarie; block above fault moves down

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5
Q

Strike slip fault

A

Two blocks of rock slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

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6
Q

Reverse

A

Forces pushes two blocks of rock together with the rock above the fault moving up

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7
Q

Focus

A

Point beneath earth’s surface where rock under stress breaks to cause an earthquake

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8
Q

Epicenter

A

Point on the surface directly above the focus

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9
Q

Seismic waves

A

Waves that carry energy of an earthquake away from the focus

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10
Q

What are the 3 kinds of seismic waves?

A

Primary waves
Secondary waves
Surface waves

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11
Q

Primary waves (p-waves)

A

Compression waves that travel through solids and liquids

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12
Q

Secondary waves (S-waves)

A

Only travels through solids and temporarily changes shape

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13
Q

Surface waves

A

Moves slower than P and S waves, but can produce severe ground movement with a wavelike motion

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14
Q

Seismometers

A

Devices that measure and record ground motion and helps determine the distance seismic waves travel (Lag time)

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15
Q

How do you locate an epicenter?

A

By triangulating the data from at least 3 seismometers

  1. Find the lag time
  2. Find the distance to the epicenter
  3. Use map scale to mark radius on compass then draw circle around each
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16
Q

Volcano

A

Weak spot in earth’s crust where molten material comes to the surface

17
Q

Magma

A

Molten mixture of rock forming substances, gasses, and water from the mantle.

18
Q

Lava

A

When magma reaches the surface, it’s called lava

19
Q

Ring of fire

A

One major belt formed by many volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean

20
Q

What is a string of islands created by volcanoes near boundaries where 2 oceanic plates collide and one skins beneath the other?

A

Island arc

21
Q

What is an area where material from deep within the mantle rises then melts, forming magma?

22
Q

Geologists classify eruptions as either:

A

Quiet or explosive

23
Q

Quiet eruption

A

Magma has low silica content, flows easily and erupts quietly with gasses gently bubbling out and lava oosing gently producing both pahoehoe and aa

24
Q

Explosive eruption

A

Magma high in silica content, with trapped gasses building up pressure inside until they explode with incredible force creating a pyroclastic flow

25
Pahoehoe
Hot, fast moving lava
26
Aa
Cooler, slow moving lava
27
Pyroclastic flow
An eruption that hurls ash, cinders, and magma bombs
28
Active volcano could explode anytime, Dormant volcano not active but may become active Extinct volcanoes unlikely to erupt again
Lightning forms in volcanoes bc all the ash rubs together causing friction eventually making lightning
29
Landforms from lava and ash
1. Shield volcano 2. Cinder come volcano 3. Composite volcano 4. Lava plateaus 5. Caldera
30
Landforms from magma
``` Volcanic necks Dikes Sill Batholiths Dome mountain ```
31
What is geothermal activity?
Occurs when magma, a few kilometers beneath earth's surface, heats underground water and forms
32
Hot springs!
Formed when underground water is heated by a nearby body of magma or hot rock and eventually rises to the surface to collect in an all natural pool
33
Geyser
Fountain of water that erupts from the ground when buildup of pressure is released