FORCES OF ATTRACTION Flashcards
Knowledge of these molecular forces and their equilibrium is
important in understanding the:
- properties of gases, liquids, and gases
- interfacial phenomena
- flocculation in suspensions
- stabilization of emulsions
- compaction of powders in capsules
- dispersion of powders or liquid droplets in aerosols
- compression of granules to form tablets
aggregate to form molecules and
lattices.
Atom
aggregate to form
condensed phases of matter.
Molecules
The aggregation of atoms, appositively
charged ions, and molecules are a consequence
of _______ exerted on the electrons of
one particle by the nucleus (or nuclei) of the
other.
electrical forces
There are 2 types of attraction in molecules:
intramolecular & intermolecular forces of
attraction
anything related to drug attraction
Forces of Attraction in Pharmacy
is the strongest among molecular forces; irreversible; permanent binding
Covalent Bonding
surface tension
Repulsion
tensions within the surface
Interfacial tension
aggregation, implying for emulsions
Floccule
Atoms subunits
Proton, electrons, neutrons
forces that exist within
molecules or
fundamental/formula
units (forces that hold
atoms or ions in a
compound).
Intramolecular
forces of attraction that
exist between the
molecules in a
compound.
Intermolecular
Electrostatic force of attraction between
ions of opposite charge .
Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
Formed between atoms with a small difference in
electronegativity.
Covalent Bonds
Positive ions surrounded by a sea of mobile
(delocalized) electrons. Strong electrostatic force of attraction binds the
system together
Metallic Bonds
is a type of chemical bond formed through
an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely
charged ions.
Ionic Bond
Ionic bonds are formed between a cation, which is
usually a ____, and an anion, which is usually a _______.
metal
nonmetal
Transfer of electrons between a non-metal and metal
IONIC BOND
Properties of Ionic or Electrovalent Compounds
o Crystalline solids- rigidity and strength
o High melting and boiling points
o Conduct electricity in a molten and aqueous state
o They are hard
o They are brittle
o Soluble in polar solvents such as water (solute-solvent
interactions)
IONIC BOND generates
two oppositely charged ions
metal ______ electrons to become a positively
charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts
those electrons to become a ______ charged anion.
loses
negatively
is a form
of chemical bonding characterized by
the sharing of one or more pairs of
electrons between atoms, in order to
produce a mutual attraction, which
holds the resultant molecule together.
Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds 2 TYPES:
- Polar covalent bond
- Nonpolar covalent bond
A polar covalent bond is formed
when atoms of ______
electronegativities share electrons.
slightly different
A _______ is formed
when atoms of slightly different
electronegativities share electrons.
polar covalent bond
is formed between same
atoms or atoms with very similar electronegativities—
the difference in electronegativity between bonded
atoms is less than 0.5
NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND
Properties of Covalent Compounds
o Liquids and gases at room temperature
o Relatively low boiling point.
o Do not conduct electricity
o Insoluble in polar solvent
o Soluble in non-polar solvent
unequal sharing of electrons, one is giving more than the other
Polar Covalent Bond
equal sharing of electrons, very small difference
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
overlapping of the two atomic orbitals
Pi Bond
Head to head overlapping of two atomic orbitals
Sigma Bond
