EXP. 2 & 3

Question 2

is a separation process for a mixture
of liquids or oils.

Answer 2

DISTILLATION

Question 3

This is a widely used method for separating liquid
mixtures into their components.

Answer 3

DISTILLATION

Question 4

A method of separating mixtures based on differences in their
volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. The components in a
sample mixture are vaporized by the application of heat and
then immediately cooled by the action of cold water in a
condenser.

Answer 4

DISTILLATION

Question 5

True or False

DISTILLATION method can only be used to separate mixtures where the
components differ narrow in boiling point.

Answer 5

False- narrow-> widely

Question 6

It utilizes a very simple separation principle: an
intimate contact is created between the starting
mixture and a second phase in order to enhance an
effective mass transfer between the two phases.

Answer 6

Distillation

Question 7

Refers to the “simple” separation of a solid and a
liquid by evaporating the liquid and collecting it after
it passes through a condenser to be changed into a
liquid state.

Answer 7

SIMPLE DISTILLATION

Question 8

It uses a simpler apparatus and consumes less
energy and works faster than other types of
distillation

Answer 8

SIMPLE DISTILLATION

Question 9

Simple Distillation Parts

Answer 9

1. Heat Source
2. Still Pot
3. Still Head
4. Thermometer
5. Condenser
6. Cooling Water In
7. Cooling water out
8. Distillate/Receiving Flask
9. Vacuum/Gas Inlet
10. Still Receiver
11. Heat Control
12. Stirrer speed control
13. Stirrer/ Heat Plate
14. Heating (Oil/Sand) bath
15. Stirrer bar/anti-bumping granules
16. Cooling bath

Question 10

is more complex because of the
need for a longer still process and separate
condensing apparatus but can be operated
continuously.

Answer 10

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

Question 11

Process that separates more than one substance at a
time, is used when boiling points are close together
or mixtures are complex.

Answer 11

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

Question 12

is incapable of significant
purification if the boiling points of the components
are too close.

Answer 12

simple distillation

Question 13

When the difference in boiling points is less than 100
̊C, a modification is necessary, namely the insertion
of a _____

Answer 13

fractionating column

Question 14

the insertion
of a fractionating column between the

Answer 14

distilling flask
and three-way adapter

Question 15

This is used for applications like medicines and
cosmetics where substance purity is very important.

Answer 15

VACUUM DISTILLATION

Question 16

Used with either simple or fractional types of
distillation but requires careful control because
vacuums tend to lower boiling points.

Answer 16

VACUUM DISTILLATION

Question 17

VACUUM DISTILLATION
▰ Boiling commences when the vapor pressure of a
liquid or solution equals the

Answer 17

external or applied
pressure (often the atmospheric pressure)

Question 18

if
the applied pressure is reduced, the boiling point of
the liquid

Answer 18

DECREASES

Question 19

Vacuum Distillation Parts

Answer 19

1. Still Pot
2. Short-path distillation head
3. Thermometer
4. Distillate receiver (Schlenk-type with side-arm)
5. Connection to vacuum or inert gas
   6.Coolant inlet
6. Coolant outlet
7. Connection to vacuum or inert gas

Question 20

This is basically the process of separating the
more volatile component, alcohol, from the less
volatile component, water, from a water/alcohol
solution, by heating the solution and condensing
and collecting the alcohol-rich vapors released, as
a high alcohol strength liquid.

Answer 20

ALCOHOLIC DISTILLATION

Question 21

is the temperature at which the solid and
liquid phases coexist together in equilibrium under a
pressure of one atmosphere.

Answer 21

Melting point

Question 22

change of a solid into a liquid is _____ and the
reverse is _____

Answer 22

melting; freezing

Question 23

The amount of heat necessary to,
change one gram of a solid into a liquid at its melting
point is known the

Answer 23

heat of fusion

Question 24

The melting point of ice
and the freezing point
of water are at ______ temperature.

Answer 24

exactly
the same

Question 25

Factors Affecting Melting Point

Answer 25

• Molecular force of attraction
• intermolecular force
• intramolecular force
• Molecular size/ molecular weight
• Branching (in organic compounds)
• Polarity
• Type of solid – Amorphous vs. Crystalline
• Atmospheric pressure

Question 26

Purpose of Melting Point Determination

Answer 26

• Determine the purity of a substance using melting
  point as a physical property.
• Identify an unknown compound using its melting
  point.

Question 27

Melting point of common drugs:

Answer 27

• Aspirin  134 – 136 degrees C
• Ibuprofen  75 – 77.5 degrees C
• Paracetamol  168 – 172 degrees C
• Potassium chloride 770 degrees C
• Quinapril  120-130 degrees C