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PPAR > EXP. 4 & 5 > Flashcards

EXP. 4 & 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of
solvent to produce a saturated solution.

A

Solubility

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2
Q

it is a characteristic of a material in which an amount of solute dissolves in a solvent

A

soluble

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3
Q

a characteristic in which a material do not dissolves in a given solvent

A

insoluble

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4
Q

The dissolving process of a solid solute

A

Dissolution

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5
Q

Why some solute are soluble/miscible,
while some are not?

A

INTERMOLECULAR FORCE OF ATTRACTION

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6
Q

A specific type of mixture
where one substance is
dissolved into another.

A

Solution

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7
Q

is the same, or
uniform, throughout which
makes it a homogenous
mixture.

A

Solution

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8
Q

Characteristic of a solution

A
  • It is uniform, or homogenous, throughout the mixture.
  • It is stable and doesn’t change over time or settle.
  • The solute particles are so small they cannot be separated
    by filtering.
  • The solute and solvent molecules cannot be distinguish by
    the naked eye.
  • It does not scatter a beam of light.
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9
Q

Solubility
* USP

A

as the number of mL of solvent in which 1 gram of
solute will dissolve at a specified temperature.

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10
Q

Relative Terms for Solubility

A

Very soluble - Less than 1 part
Freely soluble - 1 to 10 parts
Soluble - 10 to 30 parts
Sparingly soluble - 30 to 100 parts
Slightly soluble - 100 to 1,000 parts
Very slightly soluble - 1,000 to 10,000 parts
Practically insoluble, or insoluble - More than 10,000 parts

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11
Q

a solution in which the amount of
dissolved solute is less than the saturation point of the solvent

A

Unsaturated solution

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12
Q

solution that contains exactly the
maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in the
corresponding amount of solvent

A

Saturated solution

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13
Q

a solution that contains more than
the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being
dissolved at a given temperature

A

Supersaturated solution

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14
Q

Factors Affecting
Solubility

A

Increase in Surface Area
Stir or Shake
Pressure
Temperature
Polarity
Effect of other Substances:
Addition of a common ion
Addition of salts
Addition of emulsifying agents and surfactants
pH

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15
Q

_____ pieces of a substances dissolve faster
than large pieces.
* ______ allows more solute to
touch the solvent. As a result, there are more
collisions between solute particles and solvent
particles

A

Small ; Greater surface area

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16
Q

It has negligible effect on
the solubility of solid and
liquid solutes, but it has a
strong effect on solutions
with gaseous solutes.

A

Pressure

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17
Q

If the solution process absorbs energy then the solubility will be _____ as the temperature is____

A

increased

18
Q

If the solution process releases energy then the solubility will _____with ____ temperature

A

decrease ; increasing

19
Q
  • In chemistry there is a general rule, :like dissolves like”
A

Polarity

20
Q

Solvent will dissolve substances having similar

A

molecular
structures

21
Q

phenomenon in which the addition of an ion common to two
solutes causes precipitation

A

Addition of a common ion (Common ion effect)

22
Q

When a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in temperature, volume,
concentration, or pressure, the system readjusts to partially counter the effect of
the change, resulting in a new equilibrium

A

*Le Chatelier’s Principle

23
Q

the effect when adding a salt to a solvent
containing an organic solute increases the solubility of that solute.

A

Salting-in

24
Q

the effect when adding a salt to a solvent
containing an organic solute reduces the solubility of that solute.

A

Salting-out

25
Q

a chemical compound that permits the mixing of two
or more immiscible liquids.

A

Emulsifier

26
Q

also called surface-active agent, substance such as a
detergent that, when added to a liquid, reduces its surface tension, thereby
increasing its spreading and wetting properties.

A

Surfactant

27
Q

Example of emulsifiers and surfactants:

A
  • Propylene glyclol
  • Acacia
  • Sidium Lauryl Sulfate
  • Carboxymethylcellulose
28
Q

can effect the extent of ionization of the solute

A

pH

29
Q

Ionized form of a substance has ____water solubility

A

increased

30
Q

Weak acids in acidic media =

A

NON-IONIZED

31
Q

Weak base in basic media =

A

NON-IONIZED

32
Q

Weak acids in basic media =

A

IONIZED

33
Q

Weak base in acidic media =

A

IONIZED

34
Q

Benzene + CCl3=

A

Miscible

35
Q

H2O + Alcohol=

A

Miscible

36
Q

H2O + Phenol=

A

Miscible

37
Q

H2O + Oil =

A

Immiscible

38
Q

H2O + Lemon oil =

A

Immiscible

39
Q

H2O + Benzyl benzoate =

A

Immiscible

40
Q

H2O + Ether =

A

Miscible (in small amount)

PPAR (13 decks)

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