For exam - Shiloh Flashcards
3 characteristics of indigenous people (Martinez)
- impact by invading groups
- struggle, survival, adaption
- continuity of connection to land
3 oppression thingies of indigenous
stigmatisation
resistance
land loss
what is a cosmology?
explanation of existence, purpose
crucial for understanding psychology
what are the 3 stages of Maori cosmology?
- movement from darkness to light
- separation of earth and sky
- fashioning of natural world
how is cosmology woven into architecture?
through the marae - images depict stages of creation
how does cosmology shape psychology?
- how we respond to environment
- offers alternative identities and knowledge that resists colonisation
- shapes practises and relationships
what is colonisation?
invasion of an area by a new group
what are the 6 stages of cultural domination?
- loss of language/culture education systems - new implemented
- local artifacts destroyed
- traditional practises dismissed
- practises tolerated limitedly (assimilated)
- settlers draw selectively on elements e.g. medicine
- settlers exploit culture for economic gain
what is the chain of being?
religious hierarchical structure of all matter and life
what is the significance of chain of being?
justifies conquering nations? rise of pseudo-science made a hierarchy of race of intelligence
what is diaspora?
movement of population from original homeland
what is acculturation?
minority group comes to adopt the cultural knowledge, values, practises and language of another dominant group
what is enculturation
adapting by learning values, norms and requirements of a culture to fit in - learning your own culture
what are the 4 strategies of acculturation? (Berry)
- integration
- assimilation
- separation
- marginalisation
what is integration?
maintaining cultural identity but participating in host culture
what is assimilation?
giving up own culture and absorbing host culture
what is separation?
maintaining own culture, rejecting host culture
what is marginalisation?
not identifying with own or host culture
what are 3 critiques of acculturation model?
- oversimplifies responses
- ignores context
- homogenises cultural groups
how does indigenous psychology help?
‘unlearn’ western assumptions
recognise customs
application of cultural concepts to decolonise research
what are 2 characteristics of psychology in NZ?
- eurocentric - focussing on western culture and excludes wider world
- ethnocentric - judging another’s culture based on own
what is decolonisation?
recovery and re-establishment of culture and assertion of rights
what are characteristics of decolonisation?
- revolutionising how people relate to and in a place
- process of recovery, culture re-established
- self-determination
- based on indigenous ways, not eurocentric knowledge
what is emic?
developing insights and methods from within one’s culture, giving voice to indigenous
what is etic?
indigenous psychologists adapting existing insights and methods from outside their culture to use
what is symbiotic?
drawing insights from inside and outside to produce knowledge
what is knowledge?
- common sense understanding through lived experiences
- acquisition of skill, experience and education
- theoretical and practical understandings of life
what is epistemology?
understanding the nature of human knowledge and what underpins it
what is social constructionism?
contextually located interpretations of the world
how are social intepretations violent?
expressing certain interpretations which have negative consequences for racialised groups e.g. racist research
difficult for racialised groups to challenge
what are the 4 types of research? (Cunningham)
- research not involving maori
- research involving maori - maori are some participants
- maori centred research - significant participants
- kaupapa maori research - research typically all maori
what is kaupapa maori research?
- critical theory
2. legitimacy of maori culture
what is ‘kaupapa’
principles and ideas which are a basis for action
what are the 8 principles of kaupapa maori research?
- tino rangitiratanga - self determination
- taonga tuku iho - aspirations
- ako maori - pedagogy
- socioeconomic mediation
- whanau - family
- kaupapa - collectivity
- ata - growing respectful relationships
- treaty of waitangi
what is resilience?
the means by which indigenous people make use of individual/community strength to protect themselves
what is resistance?
collective fight-back, actively opposing uneven distribution of power
what is homelessness
the absence of a safe, secure, habitable shelter
what is spiritual homelessness?
displacement from ancestral lands, knowledge, rituals, kinship relationships
what are 4 personal pathways into homelessness?
- relationship breakdowns
- family abuse
- substance abuse
- mental illness
what are 3 structural pathways into homelessness?
- colonisation
- poverty
- ideology of individual responsibiltiy
what is the psychosocial perspective of homelessness?
social support and inclusion does not alleviate mental hardship but such interpersonal factors can buffer severe material hardship
how are health and relationships intertwined?
participation in social networks are beneficial for health
health is shaped by quality of relations in society
what is the cartesian self?
assumes there is a subjective inner mind and an objective outer world
mind and body are distinct substances
how is the cartesian self different for maori?
maori see person an environment as being interwoven
what is the looking glass self?
we see ourselves through the perceptions of others and how we understand these
what is the centre of the cobweb self?
the self is a cobweb connected to many other people
what is historical trauma?
emotional and psychological wounding across generations, which emanates from massive group trauma
what is the interconnected self?
interwoven relationships and situations not independent of context/lives of others
- another way to decolonise psychology
what is dependent origination?
the idea that one can understand nothing in isolated pieces
- one’s actions impact others
- understanding someone requires understanding of their group
what is the I and Me
I = distinct from others, identity Me = the self seen by others
what is a refugee?
someone feeling conflict or persecution
successful asylum seeker
5 reasons we are hostile to migrants?
- media
- healthcare
- racism
- human rights violations
- government policies
what is migration?
movement of people from once place to another, involving a distinct change to everyday life
what is domestic migration?
rural to urban movement or movement between cities
what is international migration?
movement between countries
what are the 2 main drivers for migration?
- search of opportunity - voluntary
2. search of safety - involuntary
what are pros from migrants
opportunity, new start, personal growth, escape from danger
what are cons for migrants
disruption, loss of identity/status, marginalisation, langauge, unemployment
what are pros for host communities
diversity, more labour, international connections, new ideas
what are cons for host communities
competition for jobs/housing/resources, overcrowding, conflict over culture
what is culture shock?
the disorientation of being in an unfamiliar context
what is the model minority myth?
a minority group whose members are perceived to achieve a higher degree of socioeconomic success than the population average
what are problems with the model minority myth?
- fosters internalised racism
- creates ‘good’ and ‘bad’ immigrants
- used to deny racial justice
- erases shared histories of oppression
