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Psych 204 > For exam - Danny > Flashcards

For exam - Danny Flashcards

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1
Q

What is helping?

A

prosocial behaviour, positively valued acts

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2
Q

What are the 2 kinds of helping

A

altruism - helping to benefit others

egoism - some self benefit involved

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3
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

The idea that social behaviour is adaptive - need to survive

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4
Q

What is kin selection

A

Helping those who are genetically similar

We want genes to survive

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5
Q

What is reciprocal altruism?

A

“if you help me i’ll help you”

Arises because of selection pressures

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6
Q

How do selection pressures facilitate helping behaviour?

A

Groups that do not help each other do not survive

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7
Q

How do emotions facilitate helping behaviour?

A

Positive emotions we get from helping encourage the behaviour

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8
Q

What is moralistic aggression?

A

When someone does not reciprocate helping we feeling hostile - ensures we continue helping others

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9
Q

What are neotenous features?

A 
Indicate helplessness
Large forehead
small nose
small chin
shortened limbs
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10
Q

What are the 5 stages of helping?

A

NIRDH

notice, interpret, responsibility, decide, help

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11
Q

What causes the bystander effect?

A

diffusion of responsibility

social influence/unspoken norms

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12
Q

When is the bystander effect most likely?

A

around unknown others
no future interactions
target is an outgroup

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13
Q

How is the bystander effect elimitated?

A

Perceived competence

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14
Q

How do we decide to help?

A

Bystander-calculus model

weighing up the pros and cons of helping

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15
Q

What is the norm of reciprocity?

A

We help others who have helped us in the past

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16
Q

What is the norm of social responsibility?

A

We take care of those who are in need

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17
Q

What is social modelling?

A

We adopt the behaviours of others

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18
Q

What is negative state relief model?

A

We help others to get rid of a bad mood

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19
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

The predictor - explains variability in outcome

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20
Q

What is the dependant variable?

A

outcome, what you are interested in

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21
Q

What is moderation?

A

A influencing X’s effect on Y

22
Q

What is mediation?

A

A is causally located between X and Y

23
Q

What are the 3 types of social influence?

A

Conformity, compliance, obedience

24
Q

What is conformity?

A

adjusting behaviour to match norms

25
Q

What is compliance?

A

changing behaviour at others’ request

26
Q

What is obedience?

A

Changing due to authority’s demands

27
Q

What is informational influence? (Sherif)

A

searching for understanding in a group

28
Q

What is private conformity? (Sherif)

A

internalising a norm learnt in a group, lasting

29
Q

What is the difference between informational and normative influence?

A

informational - internalised, need to be correct

normative - not internalised, need to belong

30
Q

What are the 3 compliance techniques?

A
  1. foot in the door
  2. door in the face
  3. pique
31
Q

what is the foot in the door technique?

A

if you agree to a small request you will comply with a large one
change in self perception - think you are a helpful person

32
Q

what is the door in the face technique?

A

if you reject a large request, you are more likely to accept a small request

33
Q

what is the pique technique?

A

an odd request is a disruption to the refusal script

34
Q

how is obedience enhanced?

A

through authority demands, power of the situation

35
Q

what is the social impact theory?

A
  1. social impact = f(strength x immediacy x number)
  2. operates according to the psychosocial law
  3. dec as targets inc
36
Q

what is f(strength x immediacy x number)

A

status of people matters
immediacy = how close people are
number = more people, more conformity

37
Q

what is psychosocial law?

A

each additional source has less added impact

38
Q

what is ‘decreases as targets increase’

A

bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility F

increase in targets diffuses social impact

39
Q

what is the impact of performance in groups?

A

individual effort decreases, social loafing

40
Q

what are the intergroup attitudes?

A

feeling - prejudice
thinking - stereotype
doing - discrimintation

41
Q

what is the realistic conflict theory?

A

hostility emerges because people compete over scarce resources

42
Q

what is relative deprivation theory?

A

a subjective belief that you or your group are worse off than similar others

43
Q

what are the 2 types of deprivation?

A

individual based deprivation - comparison between self and others
group based deprivation - comparison between in and out groups

44
Q

what are the impacts of individual-based deprivation?

A

effects health and wellbeing - internalised

does not frequently lead to protesting

45
Q

what are the impacts of group based deprivation?

A

predictor of support for collective action of belief of your group - externalised EVLN

46
Q

What are the 4 types of protest?

A 
EVLN
exit
voice
loyalty 
neglect
47
Q

what is the minimal group paradigm?

A

mere social categorisation leads to ingroup favouratism

do not need interaction, identification, competition or self-interest

48
Q

what is social identity theory?

A

‘group’ component of self-concept

49
Q

what are the effects of social categorisation?

A

bias, competition not needed

50
Q

what are some ways of reducing intergroup conflict?

A

contact theory

common ingroup identity model

51
Q

what is needed for contact theory? (Allport)

A

equality
common goals
intergroup cooperation
authority support

52
Q

what is the common ingroup identity model?

A

having a larger superordinate identity that encompasses ingroup and out group
outgroup becomes the ingroup

Psych 204 (6 decks)

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