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MSK > foot problems > Flashcards

foot problems Flashcards

1
Q

non-op treatment options for foot + ankle conditions

A 
analgesia 
shoe-wear modification
activity modification 
weight loss
physiotherapy 
orthotics
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2
Q

forefoot problems

A 
hallux valgus
hallux rigidus 
lesser toe deformities
morton's neuroma
metatarsalgia 
rheumatoid forefoot
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3
Q

hallux valgus

A

bunions

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4
Q

hallux valgus aetiology

A

genetic

foot wear

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5
Q

symptoms hallux valgus

A

pressure symptoms from shoe wear - bursitis over MTP joint

pain from crossing over of toes - can become ulcerated

metatarsalgia - weight distribution to lesser metatarsal heads

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6
Q

pathogenesis hallux valgus

A

lateral angulation of great toe

tendons pull realigned to lateral of centre rotation of two worsening deformity

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7
Q

diagnosis hallux valgus

A

clinical

x-ray

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8
Q

management hallux valgus - non-op

A

shoe wear modificatino
orthotics
activity modification
analgesia

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9
Q

management hallux valgus - op

A

release lateral soft tissues

osteotomy 1st metatarsal

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10
Q

hallux rigidus

A

OA of 1st MTP joint

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11
Q

claw toes

A

flexion at proximal and distal interphalangeal joint

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12
Q

hammer toras

A

flexion of proximal interphalangeal joint and dorsiflexion MTP joint

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13
Q

mallet toes

A

flexion at distal interphalangeal joint

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14
Q

aetiology of lesser toe deformities

A 
imbalance between flexors/extensors
shoe-wear
neurological 
RA
idiopathic
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15
Q

symptoms lesser toe deformities

A

deformity
pain from dorsum
pain from planter side (metatarsalgia)

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16
Q

non-op Rx lesser toe deformities

A

activity modification
shoe wear
orthotic insoles

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17
Q

morton’s neuroma

A

interdigital neuralgia

mechanically induced degenerative neuropathy

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18
Q

symptoms morton’s neuroma

A

typically 3rd followed by 2nd webspaces/toes

neuralgic burning into toes

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19
Q

diagnosis morton’s neuroma

A

clinical
Mulder’s click
USS
MRI

20
Q

management morton’s neuroma

A

injection steroid for small lesions

surgery: excision of lesion incl section normal nerve

21
Q

metatarsalgia

A

symptoms

any pain coming from forefoot

22
Q

rheumatoid forefoot

A 
pain 
hallux vargus
hammering of toes
rubbing + crossing over of toes
pressure areas w obvious bursitis
23
Q

management rhumatoid forefoot

A

shoe wear
orthotics
activity

1st MTPJ arthrodesis
2-5th toe excision arthroplasty

24
Q

midfoot problems

A

ganglia
OA
plantar fibromastosis

25
Q

aetiology dorsal foot ganglia

A

idiopathic
underlying arthritis
underlying tendon pathology

26
Q

where do dorsal foot ganglia arise from

A

joint or tendon sheath

27
Q

symptoms dorsal goot ganglia

A

pain pressure of footwear

pain underlying problem

28
Q

treatment dorsal root galnglia

A

aspiration

excision

29
Q

treatment midfoot arthrtitis

A

activity
footwear
orthotics
injections

fusoin

30
Q

plantar fibromatosis

A

‘dupuytren’s of foot’

usually asymptomatic unless very large or on weight bearing area

31
Q

planter fibromatosis Rx

A

avoid pressure
footwear modif

operative excision
radiotherapy
combo surg + radio

32
Q

hindfoot problems

A

achilles tendonitis/tendinosis
plantar fasciitit
tibialis posterior dysfunction
cavovarus foot

33
Q

achilles tendonitis/teninosis

A

degenerative/overuse with little inflammation

tendinopathy to describe symptoms

34
Q

symptoms achilles tendinopathy

A

pain during + following exercise
recurrent episodes
hard put shoes on

35
Q

diagnosis achiles tendinopathy

A

tenderness
test for rupture

USS
mRI

36
Q

non op Rx achiles tendinopathy

A 
activity mod 
weight loss
footwear mod
physio 
immobilisation - below knee case
37
Q

op Rx achilles tendinopathy

A

gastrocnemius recession

release and debridement tendon

38
Q

fasciosis

A

chronic degenerative change, fibroblast hypertrophy, absence inflammatory cells
disorganised, dynfunctional blood vessels and collagen
avascularity

39
Q

plantar fasciitis aetiology

A

not known
obesity
occupation w prolonged standing

40
Q

plantar fasciitis symptoms

A

pain morning
pain weight bearing after rest
pain origin planter fascia

41
Q

diagnosis plantar fasciitis

A

clinical

occasional x-ray, USS, mri

42
Q

Rx plantar fasciitis

A 
rest
stretching 
ice
NSAIDs
orthotics
physio 
weight loss
corticosteroid injectoin 
nigh splinting
43
Q

posterior tibial ligament dysfunctoin

A

acquired adult flat foot planovalgus foot

44
Q

diagnosis posterior tibial ligament dysfunction

A

largely clinical

MRI

45
Q

management posterior tibial ligament dysfunctoin

A

orthotics - medial arch support
reconstruction tendon
triple fusion

46
Q

charcots neuropathy 2 therories

A

neurotraumatic: loss proproiception and protective pain sensation
neurovascualar: abnormal autonomic NS leads to inc vascular supply bone and increased bone reabsoprtio n

47
Q

charcot’s neuropathy

A

rapid bone reabsorption

  1. fragmentation
  2. coalescence
  3. remodelling

MSK (33 decks)

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