describing fractures Flashcards
looking at xrays
cortical outline cancellous architecture joints soft tissue alignment
looking at xrays - joints
joint space cortical outline (shape) subchondral bone alignment osteophytes cysts
describing fracture
mechanism and energy of injury skin and soft tissues site shape comminution deformity assoc injury
radiological features of #
site
shape
comminution
deformity
rules of 2 for trauma radiographs
2 views (often AP and lateral) 2 joints (above and below) 2 bones (if approp e.g. radius + ulna) 2 occasions (e.g. scaphoid #)
describing a #: site
side - left or right limb bone (s) region of bone articular involvement: +/- dislocation, intra-articular, ligamental avulsion, epiphyseal
transverse #
straight across
usually due to direct trauma/blow
oblique #
bit squint
usually bending moment of force with slight rotation
spiral #
winds its way round
always due to rotational force
complex #
due to combination of forces e.g. fall from height
comminution +++
comminuted fracture
bone is broken into more than 2 pieces
crushing force often responsible and usually assoc injury to surrounding soft tissue
describing #: deformity
movement of distal fragment with respect to supposedly stationary proximal fragment
i.e. describe what happen distal to #
displacement deformity
angulation deformity
rotational deformity
axial deformity
displacement deformity
% diameter of bone
anterior, posterior, medial, lateral
angulation deformity
degrees
distal segment relative to proximal
anterior, posterior, varus, valgus
rotational deformity
degrees
internal, external
different diameters of bone above and below #
different orientation of joints above and below #
