bone n soft tissue tumours Flashcards
examples of bone forming tumours
benign: osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma
malignant: osteosarcoma
examples of cartilage forming tumours
benign: echondroma, osteochondroma
malignant: chrondrosarcoma
examples of fibrous tissue tumours
benign: fibroma
malignant: fibrosarcoma
examples of vascular tissue tumours
benign: haemangioma, aneurysmal bone cyst
malignant: angiosarcoma
examples of adipose tissue tumours
benign: lipoma
malignant: liposarcoma
examples of marrow tissue tumours
Ewing’s sarcoma, lymphoma, myeloma
commonest primary malignant bone tumour in younger patient
osteosarcoma
commonest primary malignant ‘bone’ tumour in older patient
myeloma
general presenting features
pain
mass
abnormal X-ray (incidental findings)
what to look for on examinatino
general health measure mass location shape consistency mobility tenderness local temp neurovascular deficits
beware swelling which is….
rapidly growing
hard, fixed, craggy surface ,indistinct margins
may be painless but have a dull ache
recurred after previous. excision
investigations needed
x-ray s CT isotope bone scans MRI *** angiography PET biopsy
osteosarcoma clinical features
pain (deep boring ache worse at night) loss of function (limo, reduced joint movement) swelling pathological fracture joint effusion deformity neurovascular effects systemic effects of neoplasua - weight loss, fever
7 commonest primary cancers which metastasise to bone
- lung
- breast
- prostate
- kidneys
- thyroid
- GIT
- melanoma
order of frequency of metastatic bone sitez
vertebrae > proximal femur > pelvis > ribs > sternum > skull
