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DPT Biomechanics II > Foot & Ankle > Flashcards

Foot & Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Pronation is a combination of what three movements

A

adduction of talus, plantar flexion of the talus, and eversion of the calcaneus

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2
Q

Which joint, upper or lower, has more movement

A

upper (talocrural)

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3
Q

Subtalar joint has a single _____ axis

A

tri-plane

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4
Q

Functions of foot

A

provide a stable base of support
allows transverse plane rotation of LE with foot fixed to supporting surface
shock attenuation

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5
Q

Which joint has a tri-plane axis that results in simultaneous motion in each body plane?

A

Subtalar joint

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6
Q

tarsal constrained system can

A

transmit motion btwn subtalar, calcaneocuboid, talocalcaneonavicular

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7
Q

What is the ankle jt

A

talocrural and subtalar

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8
Q

upper ankle jt

A

talocrural

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9
Q

lower ankle jt

A

subtalar

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10
Q

most motion in subtalar

A

talus rocking back and forth in the mortus

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11
Q

what do the arches allow for

A

pronation, supination, heel to come off ground, shock attenuation, absorb energy, less force through metatasals

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12
Q

what kind of joint is talocrural

A

diarthrodial/synovial joint

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13
Q

degreased angle of foot to leg

A

dorsiflexion

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14
Q

increased angle of foot to leg

A

plantar flexion

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15
Q

loose pack position of foot

A

20 degrees of plantar flexion

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16
Q

closed pack position

A

maximum dorsiflexion

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17
Q

arthrokinematics of ankle

A

convex talus on concave calcaneus
opposite
dorsiflex-talus rolls anteriorly, glides posterior
plantarflex-talus rolls posterior, glides anterior

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18
Q

acts as an adjustable wrench on the talus and formed by distal tibia(med malleolus and plafond) and fibulamalleoli

A

mortise

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19
Q

talus rotates and pops the mortise out greater than it normally would

A

high ankle sprain

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20
Q

distal tibiofibular joint (syndesomoses) forms

A

the mortise

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21
Q

the talus has a _____ anterior aspect and articulates with the cuneiform

A

wider

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22
Q

what is the medial ligament on the talus

A

deltoid

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23
Q

as mortise expands, causes fib to glide _____ and ____ (dorsiflexion)

A

laterally

superiorly

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24
Q

where will pain occur if mortise is expanded too much

A

lateral pain in the tibiofibular jt

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25
Q

where is the ankle capsule weakest

A

ant. and post.

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26
Q

stability to the ankle capsule is highly dependent on the

A

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

27
Q

what are the 3 lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle

A

anterior and posterior talofibular lig, calcaneofibular lig

28
Q

which ligament, if torn, will need surgery for sure

A

calcaneofibular lig

29
Q

most common ankle sprain lig

A

anterior talofibular

30
Q

potts fracture

A

when deltoid ligament pulls and rips bone off

31
Q

normal rom of dorsiflexion

A

10-20 degrees

32
Q

where does the tri-plane axis of the ankle run

A

beneath the distal tips of malleoli

33
Q

normal range for plantar flexion

A

20-50 degrees

34
Q

what are the 4 functional phases of the stance phase of walking

A

contact, midstance, early terminal, late terminal

35
Q

contact phase

A

initial contact of heel of support limb to toe-off of opposite limb

36
Q

midstance phase

A

period from opposite side toe-off to heel-off of support limb

37
Q

early terminal phase

A

from heel-off of support limb to floor contact of opposite (swing) limb

38
Q

late terminal stance

A

period from opposite side heel contact to toe-off of support limb

39
Q

what is the body’s U joint

A

talocrural

40
Q

the ankle joint is the point of motion transfer meaning

A

transverse plane motion of the lower extremity is converted into frontal plane motion of the foot

41
Q

what motion during initial contact of foot

A

pronation, internal tibial rotation

42
Q

during rearfoot pronation what happens to calcaneus

A

eversion

43
Q

during terminal stance what happens to calcaneus

A

inversion

44
Q

what are the most stable metatarsals

A

2nd and 3rd

45
Q

most mobile metatarsals

A

1st and 5th

46
Q

a lot of mobility in 1st metatarsal

A

march fracture

47
Q

you would be walking on the side of your foot if the midfoot did not

A

have opposite rotation with respect to the rearfoot

48
Q

windless mechanism

A

lift toe and arch rises

49
Q

what stabilizes 1st metatarsal during terminal stance

A

fibularis longus

50
Q

With posterior pelvic movement what happens to the leg and ankle

A

leg- externally rotate

ankle - supination

51
Q

with anterior pelvic movement what happens to the leg and ankle

A

leg internally rotates

ankle pronates

52
Q

what muscles planterflex with hindfoot inversion

A

calf muslces, tib post and FDL

53
Q

which muscles plantar flex and evert

A

fibularis longus and brevis

54
Q

what stabilizes first metatarsal as forefoot loaded medially in terminal stance

A

fib longus

55
Q

initial contact is brought on by ______ and _____ foot _______

A

supination, increases, mobility

56
Q

terminal stance motion. increases foot ______

A

supination. stability

57
Q

foot pronation causes foot ____

A

elongation

58
Q

what bone moves to allow for the transfer of thigh and leg rotation (pelvic)

A

talus

59
Q

internal rotation of pelvis does what to the talus

A

adduct

60
Q

external rotation of pelvis does what to the talus

A

abduct

61
Q

motion in each plane during pronation ( facets are side by side)

A

transvers - adduction of talus
sagittal - plantarflexion of talus
frontal plane - eversion of calcaneus

62
Q

motion in each plane during supination (facets are on top of each other)

A

transverse- abduction of talus
sagittal - dorsiflexion of talus
frontal - inversion of calcaneus

63
Q

where is the greatest movement during pronation and suptination?

A

midfoot - talonavicular

DPT Biomechanics II (7 decks)

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