Foot & Ankle

Question 1

Pronation is a combination of what three movements

Answer 1

adduction of talus, plantar flexion of the talus, and eversion of the calcaneus

Question 2

Which joint, upper or lower, has more movement

Answer 2

upper (talocrural)

Question 3

Subtalar joint has a single _____ axis

Answer 3

tri-plane

Question 4

Functions of foot

Answer 4

provide a stable base of support
allows transverse plane rotation of LE with foot fixed to supporting surface
shock attenuation

Question 5

Which joint has a tri-plane axis that results in simultaneous motion in each body plane?

Answer 5

Subtalar joint

Question 6

tarsal constrained system can

Answer 6

transmit motion btwn subtalar, calcaneocuboid, talocalcaneonavicular

Question 7

What is the ankle jt

Answer 7

talocrural and subtalar

Question 8

upper ankle jt

Answer 8

talocrural

Question 9

lower ankle jt

Answer 9

subtalar

Question 10

most motion in subtalar

Answer 10

talus rocking back and forth in the mortus

Question 11

what do the arches allow for

Answer 11

pronation, supination, heel to come off ground, shock attenuation, absorb energy, less force through metatasals

Question 12

what kind of joint is talocrural

Answer 12

diarthrodial/synovial joint

Question 13

degreased angle of foot to leg

Answer 13

dorsiflexion

Question 14

increased angle of foot to leg

Answer 14

plantar flexion

Question 15

loose pack position of foot

Answer 15

20 degrees of plantar flexion

Question 16

closed pack position

Answer 16

maximum dorsiflexion

Question 17

arthrokinematics of ankle

Answer 17

convex talus on concave calcaneus
opposite
dorsiflex-talus rolls anteriorly, glides posterior
plantarflex-talus rolls posterior, glides anterior

Question 18

acts as an adjustable wrench on the talus and formed by distal tibia(med malleolus and plafond) and fibulamalleoli

Answer 18

mortise

Question 19

talus rotates and pops the mortise out greater than it normally would

Answer 19

high ankle sprain

Question 20

distal tibiofibular joint (syndesomoses) forms

Answer 20

the mortise

Question 21

the talus has a _____ anterior aspect and articulates with the cuneiform

Answer 21

wider

Question 22

what is the medial ligament on the talus

Answer 22

deltoid

Question 23

as mortise expands, causes fib to glide _____ and ____ (dorsiflexion)

Answer 23

laterally

superiorly

Question 24

where will pain occur if mortise is expanded too much

Answer 24

lateral pain in the tibiofibular jt

Question 25

where is the ankle capsule weakest

Answer 25

ant. and post.

Question 26

stability to the ankle capsule is highly dependent on the

Answer 26

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

Question 27

what are the 3 lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle

Answer 27

anterior and posterior talofibular lig, calcaneofibular lig

Question 28

which ligament, if torn, will need surgery for sure

Answer 28

calcaneofibular lig

Question 29

most common ankle sprain lig

Answer 29

anterior talofibular

Question 30

potts fracture

Answer 30

when deltoid ligament pulls and rips bone off

Question 31

normal rom of dorsiflexion

Answer 31

10-20 degrees

Question 32

where does the tri-plane axis of the ankle run

Answer 32

beneath the distal tips of malleoli

Question 33

normal range for plantar flexion

Answer 33

20-50 degrees

Question 34

what are the 4 functional phases of the stance phase of walking

Answer 34

contact, midstance, early terminal, late terminal

Question 35

contact phase

Answer 35

initial contact of heel of support limb to toe-off of opposite limb

Question 36

midstance phase

Answer 36

period from opposite side toe-off to heel-off of support limb

Question 37

early terminal phase

Answer 37

from heel-off of support limb to floor contact of opposite (swing) limb

Question 38

late terminal stance

Answer 38

period from opposite side heel contact to toe-off of support limb

Question 39

what is the body's U joint

Answer 39

talocrural

Question 40

the ankle joint is the point of motion transfer meaning

Answer 40

transverse plane motion of the lower extremity is converted into frontal plane motion of the foot

Question 41

what motion during initial contact of foot

Answer 41

pronation, internal tibial rotation

Question 42

during rearfoot pronation what happens to calcaneus

Answer 42

eversion

Question 43

during terminal stance what happens to calcaneus

Answer 43

inversion

Question 44

what are the most stable metatarsals

Answer 44

2nd and 3rd

Question 45

most mobile metatarsals

Answer 45

1st and 5th

Question 46

a lot of mobility in 1st metatarsal

Answer 46

march fracture

Question 47

you would be walking on the side of your foot if the midfoot did not

Answer 47

have opposite rotation with respect to the rearfoot

Question 48

windless mechanism

Answer 48

lift toe and arch rises

Question 49

what stabilizes 1st metatarsal during terminal stance

Answer 49

fibularis longus

Question 50

With posterior pelvic movement what happens to the leg and ankle

Answer 50

leg- externally rotate | ankle - supination

Question 51

with anterior pelvic movement what happens to the leg and ankle

Answer 51

leg internally rotates | ankle pronates

Question 52

what muscles planterflex with hindfoot inversion

Answer 52

calf muslces, tib post and FDL

Question 53

which muscles plantar flex and evert

Answer 53

fibularis longus and brevis

Question 54

what stabilizes first metatarsal as forefoot loaded medially in terminal stance

Answer 54

fib longus

Question 55

initial contact is brought on by ______ and _____ foot _______

Answer 55

supination, increases, mobility

Question 56

terminal stance motion. increases foot ______

Answer 56

supination. stability

Question 57

foot pronation causes foot ____

Answer 57

elongation

Question 58

what bone moves to allow for the transfer of thigh and leg rotation (pelvic)

Answer 58

talus

Question 59

internal rotation of pelvis does what to the talus

Answer 59

adduct

Question 60

external rotation of pelvis does what to the talus

Answer 60

abduct

Question 61

motion in each plane during pronation ( facets are side by side)

Answer 61

transvers - adduction of talus sagittal - plantarflexion of talus frontal plane - eversion of calcaneus

Question 62

motion in each plane during supination (facets are on top of each other)

Answer 62

transverse- abduction of talus sagittal - dorsiflexion of talus frontal - inversion of calcaneus

Question 63

where is the greatest movement during pronation and suptination?

Answer 63

midfoot - talonavicular