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DPT Biomechanics II > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

where does most of the structural stability come from

A

humero-ulnar joint

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2
Q

humero-ulnar joint is considered a

A

modified hinge joint. mostly flexion/extension. slight axial rotation of the ulna

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3
Q

what is a normal carrying angle?

A

13 plus or minus 6

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4
Q

excessive carrying angle

A

greater than 20

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5
Q

cubital varus

A

no carrying angle, (gunstock deformity)

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6
Q

cubital valgus

A

carrying angle

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7
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament posterior fibers limit..

A

valgus, extension, flexion

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8
Q

UCL has three parts

A

anterior, posterior, transverse

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9
Q

anterior part of UCL do what

A

limit valgus stress, excessive flex and ext.

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10
Q

radial collateeral ligament

A

limits varus, external rotation

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11
Q

lateral ulnar collateral ligament

A

limits varus, external rotation, flexion

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12
Q

annular ligament limits

A

radial distraction, external rotation (like a sleeve)

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13
Q

most common injury to ligaments of elbow

A

ulnar collateral ligament rupture

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14
Q

both humero radial and humero ulnar joints are what arthrokinematics

A

concave on convex. roll and slide in same motion

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15
Q

which joint is the load bearing through the hand

A

radiocarpal joint

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16
Q

what enables load sharing of compression with ulna

A

interosseous membrane

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17
Q

what is the primary stabilizer of the distal radio-ulnar joint

A

triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

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18
Q

distal radio-ulnar joint arthrokinematix

A

concave on convex SAME

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19
Q

proximal radio ulnar joint

A

convex on concave opposite

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20
Q

what dertermines force potential

A

PCSA

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21
Q

what determines mechanical advantage

A

moment arm

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22
Q

How many joints does the elbow contain

A

4

23
Q

what four joints make up the elbow

A

humeroulnar
humeroradial
proximal radioulnar
distal radio-ulnar jt

24
Q

most structural stability comes from which elbow jt

A

humero-ulnar jt

25
Q

what gender has a larger carrying angle

A

women

26
Q

what is considered excessive cubital valgus

A

greater than 20

27
Q

cubital varus

A

gunstock deformity - none or negative carrying angle

hand is medial - adducted

28
Q

ulnar collateral lig ( anterior fibers)

A

stability lig

taut with valgus stress, excessive extension, excessive flexion

29
Q

ulnar collateral lig (posterior fibers)

A

limits valgus stress

taut at end range of flexion

30
Q

valgus stress on the elbow

A

pushes elbow in medially

31
Q

varus stress on the elbow

A

pushes elbow out

32
Q

radial collateral lig

A

limit varus stress and external rot

33
Q

lateral ulnar collateral lig

A

humerus to ulna

good for stabilizing

34
Q

annular ligament

A

circular
limits radial distraction (pulling out) and external rot(supination)
pulling on hand (holding child and swinging them)

35
Q

what lig is likely to rupture with a nordic ski pole stuck

A

ulnar collateral

36
Q

most common injury to elbow

A

ulnar collateral ligament rupture

37
Q

FOOSH

A

fall on outstretched hand

38
Q

what kind of stress is seen in a UCL rupture

A

valgus

39
Q

contracture

A

loss of ROM, no mobility at the jt because everything is shortened

40
Q

humero-ulnar arthrokinematics

A

concave trochlear notch slides and rolls on convex trochlea

same direction

41
Q

what happens to radius and ulna during pronation

A

distal end of radius crosses over fixed ulna

42
Q

primary stabilizer of the distal radioulnar jt

A

triangular fibrocartilage complex

43
Q

what holds ulnar head firmly against ulnar notch of radius in pronation/supination

A

TFCC (common site for tears)

provides stability of ulna so it is not just flopping around

44
Q

radial-ulnar arthrokinematics of supination and pronation

A

distal - concave ulnar notch of radius rolls and slides over convex ulna (same)
proximal - radial head rotates in the annular ligament/radial notch ulna (convex on concave)

45
Q

which flexor muscle is big on control

A

biceps brachii (2jt muscle)

46
Q

what is the primary elbow flexor

A

brachialis (1 jt)

biggest PCSA

47
Q

which elbow flexor has the biggest mechanical advantage

A

brachioradialis (1 jt)

highest moment arm

48
Q

why will shoulder in extension give you greater elbow flexion force potential

A

slower velocity is higher force in concentric conditions

49
Q

what has the greatest force potential and greatest mechanical advantage in the elbow extensors

A

triceps

50
Q

what is the first extensor to initiate

A

anconeus (stays activates as you go through extension)
medial head of tri next (workhorse muscle)
lateral and long head last ( reserve mm for maximal extension force)

51
Q

when is supination strongest

A

shoulder external rotation and 90 degrees elbow flexion

52
Q

what does 90 degrees of elbow flexion do for supination

A

optimizes biceps brachii (strong supinator)

53
Q

supinators produce ___ more torque than pronators

A

25% a left hand screwdriver would have to do pronation to tighten the screw (fatigue quicker)

DPT Biomechanics II (7 decks)

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