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Kinesiology > Foot And Ankle > Flashcards

Foot And Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Bony landmarks and additional structures of tibial/fibula

A
  • lateral malleolus
  • medial malleolus
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2
Q

Bony landmarks and additional structures of the foot

A
  • 7 tarsal bones
  • hindfoot
  • midfoot
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3
Q

Hindfoot

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus
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4
Q

Talus

A
  • creates surface for ankle joint
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5
Q

Calcaneus

A
  • heel of the foot
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6
Q

Midfoot

A
  • navicular
  • cuboid
  • cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
  • stabilized by plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis
  • stabilize and support weight
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7
Q

Joints of the foot and ankle

A
  • proximal and distal tibiofibular joints
  • talocrural joint
  • subtalar joint
  • MTP
  • IP
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8
Q

Proximal and distal tibiofibular joints

A
  • contribute to stability of ankle
  • interosseus membrane binds tibia and fibula together
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9
Q

Talocrural joint

A
  • hinge joint
  • dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
  • talus held between distal tibia and fibula
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10
Q

Subtalar joint

A
  • formed by calcaneus and inferior aspect of talus
  • provides inversion and eversion
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11
Q

MTP

A
  • metatarsal phalanges
  • flexion and extension
  • some adduction and abduction
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12
Q

IP

A
  • interphalanges
  • flexion and extension
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13
Q

ROM of plantar flexion

A
  • prime movers = gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior
  • patient position = siting or supine with ankle in neutral (90 degrees)
  • goniometer axis = lateral malleolus
  • stationary arm = midline of lateral fibula
  • moving arm = parallel to calcaneus (heel)
  • compensatory movement = knee flexion and toe flexion

have shoes off

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14
Q

Typical ROM of plantar flexion

A

50 degrees

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15
Q

Prime movers of plantar flexion

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • tibialis posterior
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16
Q

Compensatory movement of plantar flexion

A
  • knee flexion
  • toe flexion
17
Q

ROM of dorsiflexion

A
  • prime movers = tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
  • patient position = sitting or supine with ankle in neutral (90 degrees)
  • goniometer axis = lateral malleolus
  • stationary arm = midline of lateral fibula
  • moving arm = parallel to calcaneus (heel)
  • compensatory movement = knee extension and toe extension

have shoes off

18
Q

Typical ROM of dorsiflexion

A

20 degrees

19
Q

Prime movers of dorsiflexion

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
20
Q

Compensatory movements of dorsiflexion

A
  • knee extension
  • toe extension
21
Q

Typical ROM of inversion

A

35 degrees

22
Q

Typical ROM of eversion

A

15 degrees

23
Q

MMT of plantar flexion

A
  • against gravity position = prone
  • stabilizing hand = posterior tibia
  • resistive hand = plantar surface of foot
  • force application = against plantar flexion
  • gravity eliminated = side lying, leg extended
  • stabilization = lower leg proximal to ankle
  • palpation = gastrocnemius at proximal posterior tibia
24
Q

Palpation of plantar flexion

A
  • gastrocnemius at proximal posterior tibia
25
Q

MMT of dorsiflexion

A
  • against gravity position = sitting or supine
  • stabilizing hand = dorsal surface of foot over metatarsals
  • force application = against dorsiflexion
  • gravity eliminated = side lying, knee flexed
  • stabilization = lower leg proximal to ankle
  • palpation = tibialis anterior at distal anterior tibia
26
Q

Palpation of dorsiflexion

A
  • tibialis anterior at distal anterior tibia
27
Q

Clinical implications

A
  • neurological impairment of lower extremity
  • foot drop
  • plantar fasciitis
28
Q

Neurological impairment of lower extremity

A
  • joints and skin of foot are highly innervated
  • constantly sending information to the brain
  • assist in stabilizing on uneven surfaces
  • consider how numbness and weakness may affect gait/mobility = those that cannot feel their feet, ankles, or legs very well
29
Q

Foot drop

A
  • common with hemiparesis
  • inability to actively dorsiflex foot
  • foot may drag against ground during mobility
  • intervention = AFO (holds foot in passive neutral position to restore a modified gait pattern)

when in hospital bed, the patient is dorsiflexing a lot which stretches out the muscles, leading to the foot drop

30
Q

Interventions of foot drop

A
  • AFO (holds foot in passive neutral position to restore a modified gait pattern
31
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A
  • inflammation of plantar aponeurosis
  • pain when bearing weight on foot
  • causes = repetitive use, running, and obesity
  • features scarring, micro tears, and collagen breakdown
  • intervention = rest, orthotics, modalities, and stretching
32
Q

Interventions of plantar fasciitis

A
  • rest
  • orthotics
  • modalities
  • stretching

Kinesiology (11 decks)

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