Foot Flashcards
** add cards on dermatomes
Tendons of fibularis longus and brevis pass through the ____ and ____ around the lateral malleolus
Superficial fibular and inferior fibular retinaculum
The deep fascia on the plantar aspect of the foot is called the ____
Plantar aponeurosis
Name the 3 most superficial muscles (layer 1) of the plantar aspect of the foot
- abductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
- abductor digiti minimi
Neurovascular plane between layers 1 & 2 of the plantar foot
- lateral plantar n + a
- medial plantar n + a
Name the 3 muscles of the 2nd layer of the plantar aspect of the foot
- quadratus plantae
- lumbricals
- tendons of flexor hallicus longus & flexor digitorum longus
Name the 3 muscles of the 3rd layer of the plantar aspect of the foot
- adductor hallicus
- flexor hallicus brevis
- flexor digiti minimi
Neurovascular plane between layers 3 & 4 of the plantar foot
Plantar arch and its branches
Name the muscles innervated by the medial plantar nerve
- abductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
- flexor hallucis brevis
- 1st (most medial) lumbrical
Origin & insertion of abductor digiti minimi
O: medial & lateral processes of calcaneal tuberosity & plantar aponeurosis
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Innervation of abductor digiti minimi
Lateral plantar n
Actions of abductor digiti minimi
Abduct & flex little toe
Origin & insertion of abductor hallicus
O: flexor retinaculum, medial process of calcaneal tuberosity; plantar aponeurosis
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Innervation of abductor hallicus
Medial plantar n
Action of abductor hallicus
Abduct & flex hallux and maintain medial longitudinal arch
Origin & insertion of flexor digitorum brevis
O: medial & lateral processes of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis
I: lateral & medial sides of bases of middle phalanges, lateral 4 toes
Innervation of flexor digitorum brevis
Medial plantar n
Action of flexor digitorum brevis
Flexion of lateral 4 toes
The tibial nerve and artery divide into the ____ and ____
Medial plantar & lateral plantar nn and aa
The medial & lateral plantar nerves and arteries divide into the ____, which divide into the ____
Common plantar digital nn & aa
Proper plantar digital nn & aa
Origin & insertion of quadratus plantae
O: plantar surface of calcaneus and long plantar ligament
I: tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Innervation of quadratus plantae
Lateral plantar nerve
Action of quadratus plantae
Straighten its line of action to align with longitudinal axis of foot
Origin & insertion of lumbricals
O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: dorsal digital expansions
Innervation of lumbricals
1st: medial plantar n
2nd-4th: lateral plantar n
Action of lumbricals
Flex metatarsophalangeal joint
Extend IPs
Origin & insertion of flexor hallicus brevis
O: plantar surface of cuboid, lateral cuneiform, and tendon of tibialis posterior
I: 2 tendons on sides of base of proximal phalanx of hallux
Innervation of flexor hallicus brevis
Medial plantar n
Actions of flexor hallicus brevis
Flex metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe
Origin & insertion of flexor digiti minimi
O: base of 5th metatarsal & tendon of tibialis posterior
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Innervation of flexor digiti minimi
Lateral plantar n
Action of flexor digiti minimi
Flex metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe
Origin & insertion of adductor hallicus
2 heads: transverse & oblique, create a “7” pattern
Insertion: common tendon into base of proximal phalanx of hallux
Innervation of adductor hallicus
Lateral plantar n
Action of adductor hallicus
Adduct hallux, can flex hallux
The plantar arch originates from the ____
Lateral plantar artery
The plantar arch ends by branching into a ____ and ____
Superficial branch (plantar metatarsal aa;stays plantar)
Deep plantar a (deep branch; goes dorsal)
Origin & insertion of plantar interossei
O: bases & medial surfaces of 2nd-5th metatarsals
I: bases of proximal phalanges of digits 3-5 and dorsal digital expansion
Innervation of plantar interossei
Lateral plantar n
Action of plantar interossei
Adduct digits 3-4, assist lumbricals
Origin & insertion of dorsal interossei
O: each by 2 heads from adjacent sides of metatarsals
I: dorsal digital expansions of 2nd-4th toes
Innervation of dorsal interossei
Lateral plantar n
Action of dorsal interossei
Abduct 2nd-4th toes, assist lumbricals
Origin & insertion of extensor hallucis brevis
O: dorsal aspect of calcaneus
I: lateral side, base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Origin & insertion of Extensor digitorum brevis
O: dorsal & lateral aspect of calcaneus
I: lateral side of tendons of extensor digitorum longus for 2nd-4th toes
Innervation of extensor hallicus brevis & Extensor digitorum brevis
Deep fibular n
After passing the malleoli, the anterior tibial artery is called the ____
Dorsalis pedis a
Perforating arteries anastomose with the ____
Common plantar digital aa
** finish blood supply cards
The medial longitudinal arch consists of…
- calcaneus
- navicular
- 3 cuneiforms
- 3 medial metatarsals
The lateral longitudinal arch consists of…
- calcaneus
- cuboid
- 2 lateral metatarsals
Describe the transverse arch
- runs side to side
- cuboid + 3 cuneiforms
