Foodways Flashcards
Human population’s adaptation to the
environment through uniform and diverse
activities related to food selection, procurement, distribution, manipulation, storage, consumption, and disposal of uneaten food.
Foodways
4 changes in the environment
social, physical environment, economic, cultural factors
We eat because…
Survival, Maintenance of Health, Hospitality and friendship, Celebrating special occasions, Emotional outlet, Habit, Psychological satisfaction
Why do we eat the way we do?
- Personal preference
- Habit or tradition
- Social pressure
- Availability
- Convenience
- Economy
- Social status
- Nutritional value
Health status
- A GOOD APPETITE IS A SIGN OF HEALTH
- ANOREXIA IS USUALLY A SIGN OF DISEASE OR SIDE EFFECT OF DRUGS
- NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT IS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF RECOVERY FROM MEDICAL TREATMENT
- TEETH
- LOSS OF NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL
- POOR STATE OF HEALTH
Sign of health
good appetite
Sign of disease or side effect of drugs
anorexia
essential part of recovery from medical treatment
nutritional support
Culture and religion
- CULTURE, ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS PATTERNS AND RESTRICTIONS REGARDING FOOD MUST BE CONSIDERED
- SPECIAL FOODS AND DIETS GIVEN WHEN APPROPRIATE
- OLDER PEOPLE MORE APT TO CLING TO ETHNIC FOOD HABITS ESPECIALLY DURING ILLNESS
(trivia) It has more vit C than 15 calamansi
bayabas
Socio economic status
- FOOD EXPENSES FLUCTUATE, SPENDING DEPENDS ON PESOS AVAILABLE
- WHETHER SOMEONE IS AROUND TO PREPARE THE FOOD DETERMINES THE AMOUNT OF CONVENIENCE FOODS USED
Personal preference
- Individual likes and dislikes provide the strongest influence on diet
- Foods associated with pleasant memories become favorite foods
- Foods with unpleasant memories are avoided
- Luxury foods = status
- Individual preferences used to plan therapeutic diets
Psychological factors
- Individual motivations to eat balanced meals and individual perceptions about diet
- Food has a strong symbolic value
- Psychology is how your thoughts and feeling affect your behavior
- How you feel and think about food affect your choices
- If a food is associated with a happy or sad memory then that can determine if you like or dislike that food
Symbolic value of milk
helplessness
Symbolic value of meat
strength
Alcohol and drugs
- Excess use contributes to nutritional deficiencies
- Excess alcohol affects GI organs
- Drugs that decrease appetite decrease intake of essential nutrients
- Drugs can deplete nutrient stores and decrease absorption in the intestines
Excess use of this substance contributes to nutritional deficiencies
alcohol and drugs
It affects GI organs (excess)
alcohol
It can deplete nutrient stores and decrease in absorption in the intestines
Drugs
Misinformation & foo fads
-Food myths can be the result of cultural background, popular interest in natural foods, peer pressure or desire to control diet choices
- FADS may involve erroneous beliefs certain foods are especially healthy
- Don’t be condescending when giving nutritional guidance
It is a result of CULTURAL BACKGROUND, POPULAR INTEREST IN NATURAL FOODS, PEER
PRESSURE OR DESIRE TO CONTROL DIET
CHOICES
Food myths
Give 2 fads that involves erroneous beliefs that certain foods are especially healthy
- Yogurt better than milk
- Oysters increase sexual potency
The order and timing of eating various kinds and amounts of food
Dietary pattern
Usual food and drinks regularly consumed
diet
regulation of speed
time
act of chewing and/or swallowing
eating
variety or type
kind
quantity
amount
Anything that when taken into the body, serves to nourish, build and repair tissues, supply energy or regulate body processes
food
It is based on physiological reactions, social norms, sensorial reactions
Food preference
pleasant/unpleasant personal experience
Food preference
social status
Food preference
broadened by exposure
Food preference
repeated tasting and the right mental attitude are essential to learning to like a new food
food preference
A liking of food which are not intrinsically appealing and which people have to actively learn to enjoy
Acquired taste
Denoting a style of cooking with distinctive foods, preparation methods, and/or techniques of eating
Cuisine
record how people cope with climate, food sources, and other aspects of their surroundings
cuisine and its technology
Sum of attitudes, beliefs and customs, taboos affecting the diet of a given group
food ideology
Sets of ideas or concepts a person holds regarding a certain food
food opinions
Based on observations of people’s use of food as influenced by different factors such as cultural, religious, political, social, and physiological
Food classification
who said? Foods are distinguished based on frequency of use and importance given
Linton (1936)
used most often and consistently
core foods
used less often but still important in the diet
secondary foods
characteristic of individuals
peripheral foods
What is cultural superfood?
- Dominant staple food item and main source of calories
- Its production and preparation take most of the time of the people
*Example would be rice “pinalitan niya yung core at ginawang cultural superfood” - Religion, mythology, and history of the people reflect the importance of this food in their culture
Served at important occasions or to important people, expensive and difficult to obtain, and usually animal protein
prestige foods
Associated with workings of the body, Foods provide a balance, and Contribute to good health (hot and cold foods)
Body-image foods
Hot foods examples
cinnamon, ginger, ginseng, mustard, papaya, cauliflower. Broccoli, pumpkin
Cold foods examples
oranges, turmeric, tomatoes, pineapples, cucumbers, eggplant, vanilla, chocolate, and
most mints
Thought to have special properties that impart desired characteristics to the person who eats them (e.g. peanuts - brain food, dark chocolate - antioxidants)
Sympathetic magic foods
Restricted by culture to or for persons of a particular age or sex or condition (e.g. pregnancy - black chicken)
Physiological food groups
High calorie treats
wine, pie, cakes, dips
Not appropriate for a variety of situations but eaten regularly by ethnic groups (chili, fufu)
specialty meal items
nutritious and appropriate for all age groups
common meal items
served cold; nutritious and easy to digest
refreshing foods
inexpensive filling foods high calorie foods
high calorie foods
Functions of food in culture
Physiological, Psychological, Political, Physical, Social, Emotional
physiological function of food
Satisfies hunger and nourishes the body
social functions of food
- To initiate and maintain personal relationships and business associations
- To determine and demonstrate the nature and extent of relationships
- Express love and concern
- As a focus to bring people together for a specific purpose
- To set individuals apart from their peers
- To set a group of people apart or to signify that a person belongs to a particular group of people
Psychological functions of food
- To help people cope with physiological and emotional stresses
- To reward, punish and otherwise influence the behaviors of others
- As a status symbol
- To bolster self-esteem or to gain recognition
Political function of food
Used by governments or groups of people as a political and/or economic weapon
Physical functions of food
- To prevent, diagnose, and treat physical illness
- To prevent, diagnose, and treat psychological illnesses and mental retardation
Emotional function of food
As a focus for heightened emotional experiences
What is food habits
Ways in which individuals: Select, Prepare, Consume, Utilize
Food in response to: Physiological, Psychological, Cultural, Religious, Social Influences
What are the importance of studying food habits?
- Affects human behavior
- Influences nutritional status
- Generates info necessary to understand how food habits develop
- It is useful in formulating strategies to modify unhealthy eating habits
