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FN 131 lec > Basics of Digestion, Absorption, and Transport > Flashcards

Basics of Digestion, Absorption, and Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Process of breaking down food for absorption

A

digestion

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2
Q

two types of digestion

A

mechanical and chemical

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3
Q

where and how does mechanical digestion take place

A

food is broken up by teeth (digested by physical means)

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4
Q

how does chemical digestion work?

(processes and substances used)

A

enzymes and addition of water (hydrolysis) breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into simpler compounds)

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5
Q

products of carbohydrate digestion

A

fructose, galactose, and glucose
(monosaccharides)

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6
Q

product of protein digestion

A

amino acids

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7
Q

product of lipid digestion

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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8
Q

where does digestion begin

A

mouth

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9
Q

type of digestion in mouth

A

mechanical (teeth) and chemical (salivary amylase)

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10
Q

product of digested food in the mouth

A

bolus

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11
Q

how does the bolus move in the esophagus

A

by peristalsis and gravity

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12
Q

sphincter at the end of esophagus

A

cardiac sphincter or lower esophageal sphincter

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13
Q

how much food can stomach hold

A

4L

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14
Q

what are the gastric secretions/juices

A
  1. HCl
  2. Mucus
  3. Intrinsic Factor
  4. Enzymes
  5. Fluid
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15
Q

How much gastric seccretions are produced each day

A

2000-2500 mL

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16
Q

function of HCl in the stomach

A
  • Digest protein by activating pepsinogen to pepsin
  • prepares gastric area for enzyme action
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17
Q

purpose of mucus in stomach

A

protection from very low pH

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18
Q

what is intrinsic factor

(gastric secretion)

A

glycoprotein that aids in absorption of Vit. B12

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19
Q

what is Vit. B12 for?

A

for metabolism of all cells

especially of GIT, bone marrow and nervous tissue

20
Q

what are the enzymes released in stomach

A

protease and gastric lipase

21
Q

what enzyme is present in infants to break down breastmilk

A

renin

22
Q

Sphincter at the end of stomach/before entering the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

23
Q

hormones released in small intestine and what secretion do they trigger

A

secretin: release of sodium bicarbonate from pancreas
cholecystokinin: release bile from gallbladder

24
Q

disease that causes the contents of the stomach to go up the esophagus

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

25
Q

what do you call bolus after stomach digestion

A

chyme

26
Q

Purpose of sodium bicarbonate released in small intestine

A

neutralize acidity of chyme

27
Q

raw material for bile

A

cholesterol

28
Q

contents of pancreatic juice

A

pancreatic protease, amylase and lipase

29
Q

what do pancreatic proteases do

(also, what are the specific proteases)

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase, split proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids

30
Q

how does the small intestine maximize its absorptive capacity

A

has villi which increases surface area of the small intestines

31
Q

approx. how long is the small intestine

A

22 ft long

32
Q

major site for absorption of nutrients

A

small intestine

33
Q

purpose of villi in small intestine

A

increase surface area for maximum absorption

34
Q

protective substance against low pH secreted in the large intestine

A

mucus

35
Q

major tasks of large intestines

A
  1. absorb water
  2. synthesize some B vitamins and Vitamin K
  3. Collect food residue
36
Q

why do the colon walls secrete mucus

A

to protect against acidic digestive juices in chyme

37
Q

what is the arrangement of the different segments of the small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
38
Q

difference of rectum and anus

A

rectum: holds semisolid waste until defecation
anus: sphincter to allow passage of waste

39
Q

last sphincter of the digestive system

A

anus

40
Q

main function of saliva

A

moisten food to form bolus

41
Q

protective function of saliva

A

due to presence of lysozyme and antibodies and allows food to be tasted

42
Q

functions of different types of teeth

A

incisors: biting
canines: tearing
molars: grinding/mashing

43
Q

other term for milk/baby teeth

A

deciduous teeth

44
Q

how many baby teeth do we have

A

20

45
Q

refers to chewed food at the time of swallowing

A

bolus

46
Q

v

A
47
Q
A

FN 131 lec (12 decks)

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