food security Flashcards
what is food security
when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe , nutritious food to maintain a healthy, active lifestyle
why is there an increasing risk of hunger
- due to climate change
- CC increases intensity of disasters e.g droughts which have potential to destroy crops
- long term and gradual climate risks are sea level rise which affects livelihoods in coastal areas
what is food avaliablity
changes in the climate affect the production of some crops. Higher temperatures will impact yields
what is food access
climate change could increase the prices of major crops. for the most viulnerable, lower agricultural outputs means lower incomes
what is food utliisation
climate related risks affect calorie intake. can create a viscous cycle of disease and hungar
what is food stability
climate changes produced more frequent and intense weather events which fluctuate food avaliability
what is the global agricultural and food security programme (GAFSP)
their objective is to improve incomes and food and nutrition security in LIC’s by boosting agricultural productivity
what about sub Saharan Africa
- 75% of the population is at food security risk
- areas of conflict, drought
- droughts cause poor harvests which leave food prices high
- lack of trade links
what are the 5 ways global food security can improve
- close the yield gap- by 2050, 120 million natural habitats will be converted to farming, closing the gap between what could be produced and what is being produced would reduce the need to clear land
- use fertiliser more efficiently- estimated that using fertilisers with nitrogen on rice will reduce by 135 and still produce the same amount of yields
- raise low water productivity- improving irrigation systems and planting crops that use less water e.g rice
- target food for direct consumption- lots of calories are lost when crops are converted for animal feed
- reduce food waster- 50% of food production goes to waste because of storage.
what are the 2 strategies for food security
- increasing food production
2. improving post harvest practices
what does the strategy of increasing food production involve
- working to increase the productivity of small farms
- after 30 months, 92,000 people had been reached
- farmers were organised into 87 self help groups
- invested into crop drying and storage facilities to reduce losses after thr harvest
was increasing food production successful?
- 70% of the land was marginal which is now converted into productive land
- farmers can now buy cows and goats
- farmers can send children to school now
- job opportunities have attracted people from all over the world who have now settled in Rwana
what does the strategy of improving post harvest practices involve
- 2013/14, WFP helped Uganda by aiming to
- reduce post harvest food losses by 70%
- increase the ability of small farm holders to link markets
what are the challenges associated with the improving post harvest practices strategy
- loss of harvested crops- inefficient management will allow crops to be exposed to contamination
- food safety- serious health risks arise when damage is caused to grains
what are the solutions in the improving post harvest practices strategy
- pre harvest instructions on land prep, correct timing etx
- farmers learn to dry crops to reduce fungal growth
- traditional practice of stockpiling dried crops on the floor in baskets is advised against
- training in harvesting so it is carried out at optimim time
