Food Provenance

Question 1

When animals are farmed intensively there are often concern as about how they are treated. This is known as..?

Answer 1

Animal Welfare

Question 2

What is used to in order to protect crops from pests and weeds?

Answer 2

Artificial pesticides

Question 3

What is Animal Welfare?

Answer 3

When animals are farmed intensively and there are concerns about how they are treated

Question 4

Name an example of a symbol used on foods to show that animals are treated with the highest standards of care

Answer 4

Freedom Food logo

Question 5

What does the term ‘provenance’ mean?

Answer 5

The place of origin of food and ingredients

Question 6

In the UK, what logo are organic foods labelled with?

Answer 6

Soil Association

Question 7

Why are fertilisers used?

Answer 7

To replace nutrients in the soil when crops are grown intensively

Question 8

What are used to replace nutrients in the soil when crops are grown intensively?

Answer 8

Fertilisers

Question 9

In organic farming, are artificial fertilisers or pesticides used?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Intensive farming

Answer 10

Where large quantities of a crop such as wheat are grown together

Question 11

Genetic Modification

Answer 11

Helps farmers breed new types of plants and animals to obtain desirable characteristics

Question 12

Why was genetic modification developed?

Answer 12

Enabled farmers to breed new types of animals or plants that have:

Better resistance to pests and diseases
Faster or stronger growth rates
A different nutrient profile
A more intensive flavour or colour

Question 13

How does GM work?

Answer 13

GM is a complex scientific technique whether the code for a particular characteristic in a gene is copied in a laboratory and inserted into a completely different plant or animal

Question 14

Organic farming

Answer 14

Healthier and non artificial method of producing crops

Question 15

What do farmers do in organic farming?

Answer 15

Farmers develop healthy, fertile soil by adding organic matter and compost so that the plants receive plenty of naturally produced nutrients

Farmers rotate their crops so that the soil doesn’t have all the goodness taken out

Farmers have a piece of land fallow for a year to break the life cycle of pests and allow the soil to naturally become fertile again

Pesticide use is severely restricted - farmers encourage wild, natural predators such as ladybirds and other insects to control pests

Question 16

What do farmers do in organic farming to ensure soil fertility?

Answer 16

Crop rotation - growing different types of crops.

Leaving fallow - not growing anything

Question 17

In organic farming, what do farmers do for natural pest control?

Answer 17

Using row covers, which are translucent insect barriers.
Using hot water to spray crops.
Using biological pesticides.
Using sticky traps (coloured material coated in a sticky substance to catch insects).
Bringing in natural predators.

Question 18

Examples of organic farming methods

Answer 18

Use organic matter to add nutrients to the soil
Crop rotation
Leaving fallow
Natural pest control

Question 19

Advantages of organic farming

Answer 19

Better for the environment than intensive farming, as chemical pesticides are not used and it uses few non-renewable resources.
Healthier for farmworkers as chemical pesticides are not used.
Food contains fewer residues

Question 20

Disadvantages of organic farming

Answer 20

Crops tend to be of a lower yield.

Production costs are higher than for intensive farming, so organic food is more expensive

Question 21

Which farming strategy has the primary aim of achieving the highest possible yield?

Answer 21

Intensive farming

Question 22

Advantages of GM crops

Answer 22

We can make crops grow faster.
Farmers get a higher crop yield, so production costs are lower.
Lower production costs mean lower consumer prices.
We can modify GM crops to contain nutrients that people lack in their diets.
We can modify crops to have longer shelf lives to reduce food waste.
We can make some seasonal foods available sooner in the year by modifying crops to ripen earlier

Question 23

Disadvantages of GM crops

Answer 23

May affect the number of flowers and weeds and insect populations, so reducing farmland diversity.
Possible health effects (no science yet).
Sellers are restricted in parts of the world.
E.g. some GM foods cannot be imported under EU law.
People could develop allergies to GM foods.
GM genes could cause issues in the wider environment

Question 24

What are the knock-on effects of farmers getting a higher yield from GM crops?

Answer 24

Lower production costs

Lower consumer prices

Question 25

What are ‘reared animals’

Answer 25

When humans raise some animals purely for their meat and other food offerings

Question 26

What is the environment like for factory - farmed animals?

Answer 26

factory-farmed animals are crammed into small spaces (like enclosures/cages).
They are kept in warm environments so that energy waste from movement and keeping warm is minimised.
If this kind of energy wastage is minimised, the animals have more energy for producing food

Question 27

What do factory farmers do speed up animal growth?

Answer 27

factory farmers may force-feed animals or supply them with growth hormones.
This speeds up and cheapens the meat production process

Question 28

Advantages of factory farming

Answer 28

Factory-farmed products tend to be less expensive than free-range foods as the farming process is more efficient.
Less land is used.
Can grow animals faster in larger quantities

Question 29

Disadvantages of factory farming

Answer 29

Animals are more prone to disease and are slaughtered young.
Animals cannot behave naturally.
Animals live in crowded conditions, which causes stress.
Drugs used in factory farming can enter the food chain and affect humans.
Factory-farmed products may be less tasty than free-range products

Question 30

What are free - range animals?

Answer 30

We get free-range food from animals that can freely roam or animals that live in a more spacious environment than factory-farmed animals.
Free-range animals are never given growth hormones.
Their welfare is of a higher standard than factory-farmed animals, meaning they usually enjoy better lives

Question 31

Disadvantages of free - range food

Answer 31

Food production is lower because animals use energy moving around and grow more slowly than factory-farmed animals.
More land is needed for this form of farming, so production costs are higher than with factory farming.
As production costs are higher, free-range products cost more

Question 32

What is fish farming?

Answer 32

Vast populations of fish are raised in river enclosures or sea cages.

Question 33

What is trawling?

Answer 33

Trawling involves using a trawler (fishing vessel) to drag a trawl (fishing net) through the water to catch fish

Question 34

What are the methods of trawling?

Answer 34

Bottom trawling - dragging a trawl along the seabed.
Dragging a trawl through the open water.
Dredging - dragging a metal basket along the seabed

Question 35

Disadvantages of fish farming

Answer 35

Overcrowding is common.
Set-up and running costs are expensive.
Fish are prone to disease.
Pesticides may be used for disease control

Question 36

Sustainable fishing

Answer 36

Sustainable fishing doesn’t use up non-renewable resources or cause environmental harm

Question 37

Concerns over commercial fishing

Answer 37

Overfishing (catching fish at a faster rate than natural reproduction can occur at) can cause species to become endangered.
Bottom trawling can damage habitats and sea life on the seabed.
Other animals can get caught in trawls - such as albatrosses and sharks - which may threaten populations of these animals

Question 38

Sustainable fishing methods

Answer 38

Government fishing quotas - can help to preserve endangered species.
Quotas restrict the quantity and size of fish that fishermen and women can catch.
Spearfishing - using a spear gun to catch fish. This method is relatively sustainable as one first is targetted, so there is little bycatch.
Regulations for net sizes - holes must be large enough for small and unwanted fish to get out
Longline fishing - the fishing line used holds baited hooks between 2 buoys. This process catches a smaller number of fish and reduces the likelihood of catching undesired species

Question 39

What do we call it when fish are caught at a faster rate than natural reproduction can occur at?

Answer 39

Overfishing

Question 40

Bottom trawling

Answer 40

Dragging a trawl along the seabed

Question 41

Trawling

Answer 41

Dragging a trawl through the open water

Question 42

Dredging

Answer 42

Dragging a metal basket along the seabed