Food Processing And Production And The Eatwell Guide Flashcards
Why is food processed?
To make it safe to eat
To preserve it and slow down spoilage
To maintain its consistency
To add variety to the diet
To make it enjoyable to eat
To make it available out of season
What is primary processing of food?
When a food has to be processed before it can be eaten, for example wheat into flour
What is secondary processing of food?
Food that has undergone primary processing, is changed into an ingredient, which is then transformed into a food product. For example, flour into pasta
Describe the processes of making wheat:
Wheat is grown in a field
The harvesting process removes the wheat grains from the plant
The harvested wheat grains are stored
The harvested wheat is transported to the mill
The wheat is cleaned and conditioned
The flour is milled
What is brown flour?
What is whole meal flour?
What is white flour?
Brown flour is when the bean and germ of the wheat is removed.
Whole meal flour is all the parts of the wheat.
White flour is the endosperm of the wheat only.
What steps are included in making bread?
Weighing
Measuring
Mixing
Proving
Shaping
Baking
Slicing
How is wheat made into bread?
The wheat is cleaned and conditioned
The flour is milled
The bran, wheat germ and endosperm of the wheat are separated and then blended to make different types of flour
Bread is made through the different steps - mixing proving, shaping etc
What is homogenisation?
A process where large fat molecules are broken down and dispersed to improve the consistency.
What is pasteurisation?
A provides that reduces harmful bacteria by heating to very high temperatures and cooling rapidly.
Give the primary processing steps of milk:
Cows are milked
Milk is stored at 4 degrees and transported
Milk is pasteurised
The pasteurised milk is separated into the cream and liquid components
The cream and liquid components are re-blended to produce, whole, semi skimmed or skimmed milk
The milk is homogenised to ensure it has an even consistency
How is milk made into cheese?
Blocks of curd (drained liquid of milk) are cut
Salt is added for flavour
Cheese is shaped, by pressing curds into moulds
The cheese is stored in a dry, temperature controlled condition for up to two years. This allows the cheese to ripen and develop
What is rennet?
An enzyme used to separate milk into curds and whey.
What is fortification of food?
During food processing, some foods are supplemented with nutrients to ensure they are in the diet.
Why are foods fortified?
To enrich products for individuals with special diets
To improve the nutritional content of foods
To add nutrients that were lost during processing
To prevent deficiency disorders
To add nutrients for marketing purposes
To enrich a staple food with nutrients it would not naturally contain
What are the advantages of fortifying foods?
It is a convenient way to gain nutrients
It is useful for special diets
It is useful for dietary disorder eg, anaemia
