food processing Flashcards
What are the reasons for processing food?
Food is processed to make it safe to eat, preserve it and slow down spoilage, maintain its consistency, add variety to the diet, make it enjoyable to eat, make it easier to prepare and serve, make it available out of season, and reduce time spent on meal prep at home.
What are some examples of corn processing?
Corn can be processed into corn flakes, tortilla wraps, popcorn, corn flour, corn oil, and cornbread.
What are the parts of a food production system?
The parts of a food production system are input (ingredients, materials, machinery), process (the things that happen), and output (the finished product).
What is primary processing?
Primary processing is when a food has been processed before it has been eaten, such as wheat processed to flour.
What is secondary processing?
Secondary processing is when a food that has undergone primary processing is changed into an ingredient which is transformed into a food product, e.g., flour into pasta.
What is the top part of the wheat called?
The top part of the wheat is called the ears.
What are the parts of the grain?
Bran, endosperm, and germ.
What does bran provide?
Bran provides fiber, B vitamins, and trace minerals.
What is the function of the endosperm?
The endosperm provides energy.
What nutrients are found in the germ?
The germ is a nutrient storehouse containing antioxidants, Vitamin E, and healthy fats.
What are the types of flour?
Wholemeal, brown flour, and white flour.
What is wholemeal flour?
Wholemeal flour contains all parts of the grain.
What is brown flour?
Brown flour contains 85% of the grain but with some bran and germ removed.
What is white flour?
White flour is made up of only the endosperm.
What is the first step in the processing of wheat?
Wheat is grown in an arable area.
What happens to harvested wheat?
The harvested wheat is transported to the mill.
What does the harvesting process do?
The harvesting process removes the wheat grains from the plant.
What happens to harvested wheat grains?
The harvested wheat grains are stored until they are needed for use.
What is done to the wheat before milling?
The wheat is cleaned and conditioned.
How is flour milled?
Flour is milled using a range of rollers and sieves.
What is the primary processing of milk?
Milk is processed by being heated to a very high temperature for a short time to destroy pathogenic bacteria. This process is called pasteurisation.
How often are cows milked?
Cows are milked at least twice a day.
At what temperature is milk stored?
Milk is stored at 4°C.
What happens to milk during pasteurisation?
The milk is heated to destroy pathogenic bacteria.
What are the components of pasteurised milk?
The pasteurised milk is separated into cream and liquid components.
What is homogenisation?
Homogenisation ensures that the milk has an even consistency by pushing the milk through a hole at pressure to break down and disperse fat molecules.
Why is pasteurisation important?
It ensures safety in the milk for human consumption by reducing the number of viable pathogenic bacteria.
What is the first step in cheese production (cheddar)?
Cut blocks of curd and place them on top of each other.
Why is salt added to curd in cheese production?
Salt is added once the curd is milled into crumbs to add flavour and prolong shelf life.
How is cheese shaped?
Cheese is shaped by pushing the curd into molds, which removes whey resulting in firm cheese.
How long is cheese stored for ripening?
Cheese is stored in dry temperature for 2 years to allow it to ripen and develop flavour.
why is rennet added to cheese?
used to separate the cheese into curds and whey.
