food processing

Question 1

What are the reasons for processing food?

Answer 1

Food is processed to make it safe to eat, preserve it and slow down spoilage, maintain its consistency, add variety to the diet, make it enjoyable to eat, make it easier to prepare and serve, make it available out of season, and reduce time spent on meal prep at home.

Question 2

What are some examples of corn processing?

Answer 2

Corn can be processed into corn flakes, tortilla wraps, popcorn, corn flour, corn oil, and cornbread.

Question 3

What are the parts of a food production system?

Answer 3

The parts of a food production system are input (ingredients, materials, machinery), process (the things that happen), and output (the finished product).

Question 4

What is primary processing?

Answer 4

Primary processing is when a food has been processed before it has been eaten, such as wheat processed to flour.

Question 5

What is secondary processing?

Answer 5

Secondary processing is when a food that has undergone primary processing is changed into an ingredient which is transformed into a food product, e.g., flour into pasta.

Question 6

What is the top part of the wheat called?

Answer 6

The top part of the wheat is called the ears.

Question 7

What are the parts of the grain?

Answer 7

Bran, endosperm, and germ.

Question 8

What does bran provide?

Answer 8

Bran provides fiber, B vitamins, and trace minerals.

Question 9

What is the function of the endosperm?

Answer 9

The endosperm provides energy.

Question 10

What nutrients are found in the germ?

Answer 10

The germ is a nutrient storehouse containing antioxidants, Vitamin E, and healthy fats.

Question 11

What are the types of flour?

Answer 11

Wholemeal, brown flour, and white flour.

Question 12

What is wholemeal flour?

Answer 12

Wholemeal flour contains all parts of the grain.

Question 13

What is brown flour?

Answer 13

Brown flour contains 85% of the grain but with some bran and germ removed.

Question 14

What is white flour?

Answer 14

White flour is made up of only the endosperm.

Question 15

What is the first step in the processing of wheat?

Answer 15

Wheat is grown in an arable area.

Question 16

What happens to harvested wheat?

Answer 16

The harvested wheat is transported to the mill.

Question 17

What does the harvesting process do?

Answer 17

The harvesting process removes the wheat grains from the plant.

Question 18

What happens to harvested wheat grains?

Answer 18

The harvested wheat grains are stored until they are needed for use.

Question 19

What is done to the wheat before milling?

Answer 19

The wheat is cleaned and conditioned.

Question 20

How is flour milled?

Answer 20

Flour is milled using a range of rollers and sieves.

Question 21

What is the primary processing of milk?

Answer 21

Milk is processed by being heated to a very high temperature for a short time to destroy pathogenic bacteria. This process is called pasteurisation.

Question 22

How often are cows milked?

Answer 22

Cows are milked at least twice a day.

Question 23

At what temperature is milk stored?

Answer 23

Milk is stored at 4°C.

Question 24

What happens to milk during pasteurisation?

Answer 24

The milk is heated to destroy pathogenic bacteria.

Question 25

What are the components of pasteurised milk?

Answer 25

The pasteurised milk is separated into cream and liquid components.

Question 26

What is homogenisation?

Answer 26

Homogenisation ensures that the milk has an even consistency by pushing the milk through a hole at pressure to break down and disperse fat molecules.

Question 27

Why is pasteurisation important?

Answer 27

It ensures safety in the milk for human consumption by reducing the number of viable pathogenic bacteria.

Question 28

What is the first step in cheese production (cheddar)?

Answer 28

Cut blocks of curd and place them on top of each other.

Question 29

Why is salt added to curd in cheese production?

Answer 29

Salt is added once the curd is milled into crumbs to add flavour and prolong shelf life.

Question 30

How is cheese shaped?

Answer 30

Cheese is shaped by pushing the curd into molds, which removes whey resulting in firm cheese.

Question 31

How long is cheese stored for ripening?

Answer 31

Cheese is stored in dry temperature for 2 years to allow it to ripen and develop flavour.

Question 32

why is rennet added to cheese?

Answer 32

used to separate the cheese into curds and whey.