Food Choices, Health and Wellbeing

Question 1

ADGs guideline 1

Answer 1

Achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active, and choose nutritious foods and drinks to meet your energy needs

Question 2

ADGs guideline 2

Answer 2

Enjoy a variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups everyday

Question 3

ADGs guideline 3

Answer 3

Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol

Question 4

ADGs guideline 4

Answer 4

Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding

Question 5

ADGs guideline 5

Answer 5

Care for your food, prepare and store it safely

Question 6

Define ‘food trends’

Answer 6

General changes or movements in food purchasing and consumption behaviours

Question 7

Define ‘food citizenship’

Answer 7

Individuals participating and making informed choices about issues such as sustainability, ethics or health in any stage of the food system

Question 8

Define ‘food sovereignty’

Answer 8

Challenges the control of the food system and food supply by large corporations, and returns the decision-making back to farmers and individuals who produce and consume the food, in order to ensure it is produced ethically and sustainably

Question 9

Plant-based eating for food citizenship

Answer 9

The growing trend of individuals choosing alternative protein options that substitute for lean meats e.g. tofu and oat-milk as people are exercising their food citizenship by making informed choices about their health as well as the environment

Question 10

Health awareness for food citizenship

Answer 10

Clean eating: consumers are increasingly selecting minimally processed whole foods as a part of the trend towards clean eating and therefore making informed choices about their health

Gut health: consumers are paying close attention to the relationship between gut health and mental health, with individuals participating in the trend towards consumption of fermented foods such as kimchi and kombucha which support a healthy gut microbiome

Question 11

Plant-based eating for food sovereignty

Answer 11

Rise in vegetarian options in restaurants and fast-food outlets e.g. McPlant burger and plant-based Whopper due to growing demand of plant-based consumers challenging the food supply by large corporations such as McDonalds and Hungry Jacks

Question 12

Ethically conscious food citizens for food citizenship

Answer 12

Consumers are making informed choices and selections surrounding their diet based on ethical concerns

Ethically conscious food citizens can range on whether they purchase organic, fair-trade, free-range/animal welfare friendly, environmentally responsible or sustainably produced foods

Question 13

Ethically conscious food citizens for food sovereignty

Answer 13

Ethically conscious food citizens aim to achieve food sovereignty by supporting and developing relationships with stallholders at local markets instead of purchasing from large corporations e.g. buy groceries from greengrocers instead of Woolworths

Question 14

Home made for food citizenship

Answer 14

People are expressing their food citizenship by participating in cooking home made meals, taking control of their own health

By doing so, they make informed choices about the groceries they use to cook and each ingredient is identified so that added salt, sugar and saturated fat is substantially lower, compared to purchasing takeout

Question 15

Grow your own for food citizenship

Answer 15

Many people are participating in growing more of their own food at home, and have discovered that gardening is particularly relaxing and rewarding

Question 16

Grow your own for food sovereignty

Answer 16

Consumers are asserting their food sovereignty and taking control by not purchasing
from large corporations and instead growing their own crops

By doing so, they are exercising greater control of where their food comes from, ensuring that their produce is grown sustainably and ethically

Question 17

Social factors

Answer 17

Education
Income
Location
Accommodation
Available time
Cultural norms

Question 18

High education

Answer 18

Higher health literacy contributes to higher awareness and concern about nutritional content and health
E.g. understanding seasonal produce, knowing where to purchase fresh foods, knowledge about the 5 food groups, and knowing how to prepare and cook healthy meals

Question 19

Low education

Answer 19

The less educated a person is about health and nutrition, the more likely they will eat discretionary foods high in saturated fat, added salt and sugar
e.g. Not able to recognise the relationship between diet and disease, limited knowledge about nutrition and may not be able to recognise and apply the Australian Dietary Guidelines or the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating to their diet

Question 20

High income

Answer 20

People who earn a high income are more likely to purchase fresh healthy nutritious ingredients which are often more expensive
E.g. Range is greater as high income earners have more money available to spend and they are able to afford organic choices as they are usually more expensive

Question 21

Low income

Answer 21

Households with limited income often purchase cheap, energy dense foods rather than the more expensive nutrient dense options
E.g. Having to buy ingredients in bulk as it is cheaper and tend to focus on seasonal produce, therefore range is limited

Question 22

Metropolitan location

Answer 22

People who live in Metropolitan areas have an abundance of supermarkets, fruit and vegetable markets within easy distance on a daily basis
E.g. Access to fresh and nutritious foods is constant, multiple takeaway and delivery options and transportation to and from food vendors are usually short

Question 23

Rural location

Answer 23

People who live in rural and remote areas may have difficulty accessing fresh nutritious foods and the range is often limited and expensive
E.g. Basic nutritious foods can cost up to 30% more in rural and remote areas, and access to food vendors can be difficult or time consuming if public transportation is required

Question 24

House accommodation

Answer 24

Most homes have large, well-equipped kitchens, cooking facilities and storage units to make nutritious meals
E.g. Abundance of resources, for example; a refrigerator and pantry to store food, appropriate equipment such as an oven, stove, and microwave to cook particular foods and a fixed address allows food to be delivered if desired

Question 25

Apartment/studio accommodation

Answer 25

Apartment style living may have limited food storage, preparation and cooking facilities, which will impact on the ability to prepare healthy meals
E.g. Overcrowded housing or small spaces can make meal preparation challenging and availability of resources can limit types of meals made, and therefore individuals living in an apartment may opt for takeaway instead

Question 26

Time rich

Answer 26

Households with more available time are able to prepare and cook healthy, balanced, nutritious home cooked meals
E.g. Luxury of time allows for planning and shopping around for better produce

Question 27

Time poor

Answer 27

Lack of available time in a family often makes it difficult to cook healthy home-cooked meals
E.g. Convenient options such as pre-prepared meals and takeaway outlets high in saturated fat, added salt and sugar are purchased more often

Question 28

Cultural norms

Answer 28

A person’s culture, family and beliefs all influence on the foods they choose to eat as particular staples are an important part of religious and spiritual practices

Australia as a multicultural country allows migrants to cook and enjoy foods from their cultural backgrounds by increasingly supplying international foods in supermarkets e.g. Asian, Mexican