Food - Biomolecules Flashcards
What is food needed for?
Energy, Growth and repair, making chemicals needed for metabolism, continuity of Life
Six common elements in food
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphrous, Sulfur
5 elements present as dissolved salts…
Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium
3 trace elements
Iron, Zinc, Copper
Biomolecules
Chemcals made inside a living thing.
4 major biomolecules in food?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Vitamns
Elements present in Carbohydrates
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Carbohydrates ratio
Cx(H₂O)y
3 catagories of carbs
Monsaccharides (single), Disaccharides (Double) , Polysaccharides (many)
Elements in lipids
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Structure of Lipids
one glycerol linked to 3 fatty acid molecules
Whats a phospholipid?
fat like substances where one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group or has a phosphate group added to it
Elements present in proteins
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Small amounts of sulfur (depends), some may contain phosphorus and other elements.
What are Proteins composed of?
(NOT THE ELEMENTS)
Amino Acids
What bonds the amino acids together?
A peptide bond
What is a peptide made of?
A peptide is make of less than 20 amino acids
What is a polypeptide made of?
A poly peptide is composed of more than 20 amino acids
What is a protein made of?
A protein is a long polypeptide (at least 200 amino acids)
Name 3 functions of protein
Hair and Nails are formed from Keratin
Myosin forms muscle fibres
It provides materials for growth and repair
Name a water soluble vitamin + give a source + give a function
Vitamin C
Citrus fruits, vegetables
Growth and repair of tissues
Name a fat soluble vitamin + give a source + give a function
Vitamin D
Dairy products
Absorption of calcium in gut
What is a deficiency disease of Vitamin C?
Scurvy (bleeding of gums + hair loss)
What is a deficiency disease of Vitamin D?
Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults
What are anabolic reactions and what do they require?
Anabolic reactions convert smaller molecules into larger ones. They require enzymes and use energy
Give an example of an anabolic reaction + explain
Photosynthesis : glucose molecules are formed from carbon dioxide and water using enzymes and the energy from the sun.
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6H₂O + 6CO₂ ——> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Give an example of a catabolic reaction + explain
Respiration : glucose molecules are broken down by enzymes to form carbon dioxide and water and energy is released
What is the chemical equation for respiration?
C₆H₂O₆ + 6O₂ ——> 6H₂O + 6CO₁₂ + Energy
What’s the structural role of Carbohydrates?
The carbohydrate cellulose is used to form plant cell walls.
What is the structural role of protein?
Keratin is found in hair and nails / Myosin is found in muscle.
What is the structural role of Lipids?
Lipids combine with phosphorous to form phospholipids and with protein to form lipoproteins, both used in cell membranes.
What is the metabolic role of Carbohydrates and Lipids?
They are broken down during respiration to release energy
What is the metabolic role of Proteins?
A metabolic role of proteins are enzymes. They are used as a catalyst in living organisms. Some hormones are also protein based and regulate metabolic reactions.
Name 2 minerals that are required by plants + source + use
- Calcium - Salts absorbed from soil - helps bind cell walls together
- Magnesium - Salts absorbed from soil - part of structure of chlorophyll
Name 2 minerals that are required by animals + source + use
- Calcium - Milk, cheese, hard drinking water - forms teeth and bones
- Iron - Liver, leafy green veg, red meat - part of structure of haemoglobin
Name 3 reasons why the human body needs water
- A good absorber of heat, meaning it can regulate your body temperaure.
- Is a good solvent, meaning it allows cell reactions and a way of transport.
- Participates in chemical reactions.
