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Biology > Food - Biomolecules > Flashcards

Food - Biomolecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is food needed for?

A

Energy, Growth and repair, making chemicals needed for metabolism, continuity of Life

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2
Q

Six common elements in food

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphrous, Sulfur

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3
Q

5 elements present as dissolved salts…

A

Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium

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4
Q

3 trace elements

A

Iron, Zinc, Copper

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5
Q

Biomolecules

A

Chemcals made inside a living thing.

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6
Q

4 major biomolecules in food?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Vitamns

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7
Q

Elements present in Carbohydrates

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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8
Q

Carbohydrates ratio

A

Cx(H₂O)y

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9
Q

3 catagories of carbs

A

Monsaccharides (single), Disaccharides (Double) , Polysaccharides (many)

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10
Q

Elements in lipids

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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11
Q

Structure of Lipids

A

one glycerol linked to 3 fatty acid molecules

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12
Q

Whats a phospholipid?

A

fat like substances where one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group or has a phosphate group added to it

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13
Q

Elements present in proteins

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Small amounts of sulfur (depends), some may contain phosphorus and other elements.

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14
Q

What are Proteins composed of?
(NOT THE ELEMENTS)

A

Amino Acids

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15
Q

What bonds the amino acids together?

A

A peptide bond

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16
Q

What is a peptide made of?

A

A peptide is make of less than 20 amino acids

17
Q

What is a polypeptide made of?

A

A poly peptide is composed of more than 20 amino acids

18
Q

What is a protein made of?

A

A protein is a long polypeptide (at least 200 amino acids)

19
Q

Name 3 functions of protein

A

Hair and Nails are formed from Keratin
Myosin forms muscle fibres
It provides materials for growth and repair

20
Q

Name a water soluble vitamin + give a source + give a function

A

Vitamin C
Citrus fruits, vegetables
Growth and repair of tissues

21
Q

Name a fat soluble vitamin + give a source + give a function

A

Vitamin D
Dairy products
Absorption of calcium in gut

22
Q

What is a deficiency disease of Vitamin C?

A

Scurvy (bleeding of gums + hair loss)

23
Q

What is a deficiency disease of Vitamin D?

A

Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults

24
Q

What are anabolic reactions and what do they require?

A

Anabolic reactions convert smaller molecules into larger ones. They require enzymes and use energy

25
Q

Give an example of an anabolic reaction + explain

A

Photosynthesis : glucose molecules are formed from carbon dioxide and water using enzymes and the energy from the sun.

26
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6H₂O + 6CO₂ ——> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

27
Q

Give an example of a catabolic reaction + explain

A

Respiration : glucose molecules are broken down by enzymes to form carbon dioxide and water and energy is released

28
Q

What is the chemical equation for respiration?

A

C₆H₂O₆ + 6O₂ ——> 6H₂O + 6CO₁₂ + Energy

29
Q

What’s the structural role of Carbohydrates?

A

The carbohydrate cellulose is used to form plant cell walls.

30
Q

What is the structural role of protein?

A

Keratin is found in hair and nails / Myosin is found in muscle.

31
Q

What is the structural role of Lipids?

A

Lipids combine with phosphorous to form phospholipids and with protein to form lipoproteins, both used in cell membranes.

32
Q

What is the metabolic role of Carbohydrates and Lipids?

A

They are broken down during respiration to release energy

33
Q

What is the metabolic role of Proteins?

A

A metabolic role of proteins are enzymes. They are used as a catalyst in living organisms. Some hormones are also protein based and regulate metabolic reactions.

34
Q

Name 2 minerals that are required by plants + source + use

A
  1. Calcium - Salts absorbed from soil - helps bind cell walls together
  2. Magnesium - Salts absorbed from soil - part of structure of chlorophyll
35
Q

Name 2 minerals that are required by animals + source + use

A
  1. Calcium - Milk, cheese, hard drinking water - forms teeth and bones
  2. Iron - Liver, leafy green veg, red meat - part of structure of haemoglobin
36
Q

Name 3 reasons why the human body needs water

A
  1. A good absorber of heat, meaning it can regulate your body temperaure.
  2. Is a good solvent, meaning it allows cell reactions and a way of transport.
  3. Participates in chemical reactions.

Biology (7 decks)

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