Enzymes

Question 1

What is metabolism

Answer 1

The chemical reactions that occur in the cells of living organisms.

Question 2

The maintenance of stable conditions in our bodies is called…

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

name 2 types of metabolic reactions that occur in our bodies.

Answer 3

Anabolic and catabolic

Question 4

What are enzymes?

Answer 4

Enzymes are catalysts made of protein, which speed up a reaction without being used up themselves.

Question 5

What shape are enzymes most of the time?

Answer 5

globular

Question 6

What factor determines what type of molecule an enzyme will react on?

Answer 6

-Each enzyme has a specific shape that will only fit the molecules it works on.
-The shape determines the type of molecule it will react with

Question 7

Whats a substrate?

Answer 7

A substrate is the substance that an enzyme acts on.

Question 8

Give an example of an anabolic enzyme? Explain why your chosen enzyme is anabolic?

Answer 8

1.DNA Polymerase is an enzyme that forms and repairs DNA.
2. It is an anabolic enzyme because it converts simple molecules into more complex molecules.

Question 9

Give an example of an catabolic enzyme? Explain why your chosen enzyme is catabolic?

Answer 9

1.Amylase is a catabolic enzyme that converts startch into maltose.
2. It is a catabolic enzyme because it breaks the substance down into simpler parts.

Question 10

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 10

In the salivary glands and by the panreas.

Question 11

When enzymes and substrates come together they form an …

Answer 11

…enzyme-substrate complex.

Question 12

Are enzyme reactions reversible?

Answer 12

yes e.g. molecule X can be broken into Y and Z, but you can also combine Y and Z into X

Question 13

Whats an inhibitor?

Answer 13

Inhibitors attach to enzymes and destroy their shape. When this happens, they are said to be denatured.

Question 14

give an example of an inhibitor

Answer 14

-Cyanide denatures an enzyme involved in respiration.
-Antibiotics can affect enzymes in bacteria causing them to die.

Question 15

What does denatured mean?

Answer 15

When the shape of an enzyme is lost fully, it is said to be denatured. This is usually a permanent condition.

Question 16

What is the optimum temp and pH for enzymes?

Answer 16

25°C and pH 7

Question 17

Name an enzyme that works better in an acidic pH

Answer 17

Pepsin, found in the stomach, works best at pH 2

Question 18

What is bioprocessing? What can it be used to produce?

Answer 18

Bioprocessing is the use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product. It is used in the production of beer and cheese.

Question 19

Name 3 physical methods of immobilisation?

Answer 19

-Absorption ( physically attached to something)
-Membrane
-Trapped in gel

Question 20

Name 2 chemical methods of immobilisation?

Answer 20

-Chemically bonded to support
-Chemically bonded to each other.

Question 21

Name 3 advantages of immobilised enzymes.

Answer 21

Immobilised enzymes….
-can be easily recovered from the product so you can get a pure sample of the product easily.
-can be reused to cut costs
-become more stable, making less likely for them to become denatured.

Question 22

What is the induced fit model? (short answer)

Answer 22

The induced fit model occurs when the substrate enters the active site and causes it to change shape slightly. The enzyme then fits more precisely around the substrate.

Question 23

Explain the induced fit model (Long answer) (Write it down)

Answer 23

1.The substrate combines with the active site of the enzyme.
2.The active site is induced or caused to change shape slightly by the substrate.
3.The enzyme and substrate form an enzyme-substrate complex. The bonds in the substrate are then altered and the substrate changes into the product(s).
4.The products leave the active site.
5.The active site returns to its original shape and can now accept a new substrate material.

Question 24

Where is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 24

Its the part of the enzyme that combines with the substrate.

Question 25

What does ADP stand for? Is it high or low energy?

Answer 25

Adenosine DiPhosphate. Low

Question 26

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 26

Adenosine TriPhosphate.

Question 27

What does NADP+ stand for? Is it high or low energy? What is it involved in?

Answer 27

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. Low energy. Photosynthasis.

Question 28

What molecules create NADPH? Is it high or low energy? What is it involved in?

Answer 28

Two high energy electrons ( 2e ) and a proton ( H+ ). High energy. Its energy is used to form glucose in photosynthesis .

Question 29

What does NAD+ stand for? Is it high or low energy? What is it involved in?

Answer 29

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. Low energy. Respiration