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FOSC301 > Food bioactives enzymes > Flashcards

Food bioactives enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

bioactive molecule classes

A

micro
macro

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2
Q

types of micro molecules

A

micro-minerals
secondary metabolites

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3
Q

types of micro-minerals

A

se, zn, iron, Co

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4
Q

types of secondary metabolites

A

phytochemicals

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5
Q

types of macromolecules

A

proteins
carbohydrates
lipid

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6
Q

types of protiens

A

peptidesq

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7
Q

types of carbohydrates

A

oligosacchrides

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8
Q

types of lipids

A

fatty acids

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9
Q

what bioactive compounds require enzyme action to be formed or released from parent molecule

A

peptides, oligosaccharides and fatty acids

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10
Q

examples of proteins

A

MILK caseins

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11
Q

peptides produced from milk casein

A

IPP (leu-pro-pro) and VPP val-pro-pro)

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12
Q

enzyme that hydrolysises casein into IPP and VPP

A

proteases

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13
Q

carbohydrate that gets broken down into oligosaccharide

A

lactose

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14
Q

what does lactose get broken down into

A

galactose and glucose

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15
Q

what happed with the galactose to become a bioactive oligosaccharide

A

transgalactosylation
knit a single galactose to a lactose unit to become a galacto-trisaccharide
-galactose units continue to be attached to become oligo

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16
Q

how are lipids turned into bioactive fatty acids

A

lipases break triglycerides into glycerol + free fatty acids

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17
Q

define bioactive proteins and peptides

A

specfic protein fragments that have the ability to impart a physiological measurable biological affect resulting a positive impact on the body functions and ultimately influence health

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18
Q

types of bioactive peptides

A

GI
Cardiovascular
nervous system
immune

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19
Q

describe bioactive peptides

A

BPs are inactive in parent molecule but upon release become active
-2-20 amino acids long and type and sequence determines bioactive property

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20
Q

functions of GI peptides

A

mineral chelation
satiety control
anti-microbial
opiod

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21
Q

functions of CV peptides

A

anti-hypertensive
antioxidative
antithrombotic
hypocholesterolemic

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22
Q

function of Nervous system peptides

A

opioid
antagonistic activities
agonistic

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23
Q

agnostic vs antagonistic

A

agonist will simulate intended reaction
antagonist will bind to receptor slowing reaction

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24
Q

function of immune system peptides

A

anti-microbial
immunomodulatory
cytomodulartory

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25
Q

protein sources for bioactive peptides

A

chicken, maize, milk, egg, flaxseed, plant

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26
Q

enzymes used in protein hydrolysis

A

thermolysin
papain
chymotrypsin
pepsin

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27
Q

what is ACE

A

angiotensin-converting enzyme

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28
Q

food application properties of peptides

A

antimicrobial
antioxidant
emulsifer
antihypertensive
immunomodulatory

29
Q

functional food and nutraceutical application property for peptides

A

antihypertensive
immunostimulatory/immunomodulatory

30
Q

area of application for peptides

A

natural preservative
marketing
immuno nutrition
therapeutic products

31
Q

pharmaceutical and health application property of peptides

A

antithrombotic
antihypertensive: cancer cell toxicity
anorexic
anti-diabetic

32
Q

application area of peptides in pharamaceticals

A

anti anxiety
weight control
improved glucose transport

33
Q

example of bioactive peptides ACE

A

IPP and VPP
antagonistic behaviour works as a ACE inhibitor to lower BP and increase blood to the heart

34
Q

role of ACE in body

A

to contract coronary arteries and control blood flow to the heart

35
Q

synthetic ACE inhibitor and side effects

A

captopril
rashes and cough

36
Q

casein phosphopeptide structure

A

serin(p)-serin-(p)-serin(p)-glu-glu

37
Q

casein phosphopeptide bioactivity

A

carrier for calcium, phosphate and fluorine
-promotes tooth remineralisation

38
Q

application of casein phosphopetide

A

tooth mousse and chewing gums

39
Q

feature of antimicrobial peptides

A

short and cationic

40
Q

features of ACE inhibition peptides

A

proline at C terminal, valine and hydrophobic amino acids

41
Q

features of immunomodulation peptides

A

Prescence of glycine

42
Q

features of antioxidant peptides

A

small MW, prescense of histadine, cysteine, AA with aromatic residues

43
Q

AA with aromatic residues

A

tryptophan
tyrosine
glycine
proline
histadine

44
Q

how to make a bioactive peptide at home

A

mash green kiwi and extract juice
mix juice with milk in warm place for couple hrs
bitter=bioactive peptides

45
Q

examples of secondary metabolites

A

caretnoids
phytosterols
coenzyme Q10
taurine
curcumin

46
Q

sources of carotenoids

A

carrots, pumpkin
orange f and V

47
Q

sources of phytosterols

A

nuts, vegetable oils, avo

48
Q

sources of coenzyme10

A

meat (offal)

49
Q

sources of taurine

A

fish and meat

50
Q

uses of taurine

A

energy drinks
osmolite and nervous system depressor

51
Q

sources of curcumin

A

tumeric

52
Q

uses of curcumin

A

food colouring

53
Q

limitation of curcumin

A

colour is based on pH

54
Q

classes of bioactive phytochemicals

A

phenolic compounds
alkaloids
organ sulphur compounds
phytosterols
carotenoids
N-containing compounds

55
Q

examples of phenolic compounds

A

polyphenols
monophenols
aromatic acid
phenylethanoids
others

56
Q

examples of polyphenols

A

lignans
flavonoids
isoflavonoids
tannins
stillbenoids
flavonolignans
curcuminoids

57
Q

types of tannins

A

pyrogallol-type tannins
falvono-ellagitannins
phlorotannins
condensed tannins

58
Q

describe plant phenolic compounds

A

very diverse, found in all plants
produced from reaction between phophoenolpyruvate and erythorose-4-phosphate (shikimate pathway)
produce in response to stress

59
Q

polyphenol features required to have anti-cancer properties

A

aromatic ring
no. and position of free hydroxyl groups
unsaturated fatty acid chain

60
Q

sources of phenolic acid

A

tea leaves, grapes, flax seed, tomatoes

61
Q

sources of stilbenes

A

grapes, blueberries, red wine

62
Q

sources of flavonoids

A

soybean, hazelnuts, celery, oregano, grapefruit, oranges

63
Q

sources of lignans

A

flax seed
sesame seed

64
Q

sources of coumarins

A

cinnamon

65
Q

sources of tannins

A

apple, grape seed and skin, raspberry

66
Q

sources of phenylethanoids

A

olive leaf and oil

67
Q

health application of polyphenols

A

anti-cancer
anti-tumor
anti-inflammatory effects
protection againest CVD
herbal drugs and dietary supplements

68
Q

food application of polyphenols

A

natural anti-oxidant
(BHT and BHA replacement)
natural anti-microbial

FOSC301 (17 decks)

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