Food Additives

Question 1

What is a food additive

Answer 1

Any substance added to a food
A chemical or other substance that becomes
part of a food product either Intentional or not

Question 2

Intentional Food Additives ex

Answer 2

Sugar, salt, baking soda, citric acid

Question 3

Indirect Additives

Answer 3

Contaminants that accidentally get into the food during

production, processing, or packaging

Question 4

Indirect Additives ex

Answer 4

Antibiotics, dirt, dust, insects

Question 5

Food Irradiation

Answer 5

Additives typically thought of as ingredients, but can apply to a processing step

Question 6

Qualities of Indirect Additives

Answer 6

reactive or inactive
nutritive or nonnutritive
Should be neither toxic or hazardous

Question 7

What contributes to consistency

Answer 7

food additives

Question 8

Use of Food Additives (4)

Answer 8

Improve nutritional value
Maintain palatability & wholesomeness
Provide leavening/control acidity
Enhance flavor

Question 9

Food additives & nutritional value

Answer 9

enriched or fortified

Question 10

Food additives & palatability

Answer 10

slows spoilage

Question 11

Food additives & leavening

Answer 11

Rise during baking, flavor, taste, color

Question 12

Food additives & flavor

Answer 12

Spices, natural and synthetic flavors

Question 13

Major food additives (8)

Answer 13

Humectants
Leavening agents
Nutritional additives
Nonnutritive sweeteners
Nutritive sweeteners
Enzymes
Flavorings 
Colorants

Question 14

Types of Food Additives (12)

Answer 14

Anti-caking and free-flowing agents
Antimicrobial
Antioxidants
Curing agents
Dough strengtheners
Emulsifiers
Humectants
Oxidizing agents 
pH control agents
Processing aids
Sequestrants
Stabilizers and thickeners

Question 15

Anti-caking and free flowing agents

Answer 15

silicates

talc

Question 16

antimicrobial agents

Answer 16

Calcium propionate
sodium nitrite
nitrates
sorbic acid

Question 17

Antioxidants

Answer 17

Inhibit oxidation of fats and pigments

BHA, BHT, tocopherols, ascorbic acid

Question 18

Curing Agents

Answer 18

Sodium nitrite, pink

also a preservative

Question 19

dough strengtheners

Answer 19

Improve the machinability of bread dough during

processing

Question 20

emulsifiers

Answer 20

Lecithins
monoglycerides
diglycerides

Question 21

Humectants

Answer 21

Attract water within a food product

Polyols, fructose

Question 22

Oxidizing agents

Answer 22

Chlorine, iodine, hydrogen peroxide (used on food processing

equipment)

Question 23

pH control agents

Answer 23

Malic acid, phosphoric acid, vinegar

Flavor, inhibition of microorganisms

Question 24

Processing aids

Answer 24

Acidulants and alkalis, buffers phosphates
maintains a constant pH
other food phosphates increase the water-holding capacity of meats

Question 25

Sequestrants

Answer 25

Combine with metal elements to inhibit oxidation
reactions
Citric acid, polyphosphates, EDTA

Question 26

Stabilizers and thickeners

Answer 26

Increase product viscosity, forms gels

Starch, pectin, gums, cellulose, gelatin

Question 27

Food Additive Requirements

Answer 27

performs intended funct
not deceiving
can’t considerably reduce nutrition
can’t achieve and effect that could be gained by GMP

Question 28

are all foods composed of chemical compounds

Answer 28

si

Question 29

can any additive be injurious to health at high levels/ safe to use at low levels

Answer 29

si

Question 30

do all additives need to be evaluated no matter how safe or toxic it is said to be

Answer 30

si

Question 31

GRAS

Answer 31

generally recognized as safe

Additives that have been used without apparent harm for long periods of time

Question 32

GRAS ex

Answer 32

baking powder
citric acid
salt
sugar

Question 33

Who petitions food additives

Answer 33

FDA

Question 34

Food Additive testing

Answer 34

2 years on 2 species of animals

scientific data proving it’s harmless